LEADER 05728oam 22012494 450 001 9910827362603321 005 20240402050728.0 010 $a1-4623-4570-0 010 $a1-4527-7127-8 010 $a1-282-84192-0 010 $a1-4518-7099-X 010 $a9786612841927 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055138 035 $a(EBL)1608053 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000944139 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11559075 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000944139 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11000829 035 $a(PQKB)11260447 035 $a(OCoLC)460601526 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608053 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2008241 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055138 100 $a20020129d2008 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aHousehold Income As A Determinant of Child Labor and School Enrollment in Brazil : $eEvidence From A Social Security Reform /$fIrineu de Carvalho Filho 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008. 215 $a1 online resource (38 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/241 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1552-7 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Background information about child labor in Brazil; III. Description of the Social Security reform; IV. Data; V. Empirical strategy; A. The Determinants of Children's Schooling and Labor; VI. Results; A. First Stage Estimates; B. Reduced Form Estimates; C. Counterfactual Analysis; D. Structural Estimates; E. Assessing the robustness of the estimates; VII. Causal Effects or Selection Bias?; VIII. Conclusions; References; Tables; 1. The Work-School Enrollment Statistics of Children 10-14; 2. Means: Boys; Means: Girls; 3. First Stage Regressions 327 $a4. Reduced Form Estimates5. Panel 1. Actual and Counterfactual Values fo Treated Group, after the Reform; 6. Estimates of the Effect of Monthly Benefits. Coefficient is the Estimated Effect of 100 in Social Security Income; 7. Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Effect of Benefits for Different Subsamples; 8. Reduced Form Estimates. Has the Reform Changed the Percentage of Elderly Coresiding with Children 10 to 14?; Figures; 1. Child Work in Brazil: 1981-1998; 2. School Enrollment in Brazil: 1981-1998 330 3 $aThis paper studies the effects of household income on labor participation and school enrollment of children aged 10 to 14 in Brazil using a social security reform as a source of exogenous variation in household income. Estimates imply that the gap between actual and full school enrollment was reduced by 20 percent for girls living in the same household as an elderly benefiting from the reform. Girls' labor participation rates reduced with increased benefit income, but only when benefits were received by a female elderly. Effects on boys' enrollment rates and labor participation were in general smaller and statistically insignificant. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2008/241 606 $aIncome$zBrazil$xEconometric models 606 $aChild labor$zBrazil$xEconometric models 606 $aSocial security$zBrazil$xEconometric models 606 $aSchool enrollment$zBrazil$xEconometric models 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aDemography$2imf 606 $aWomen''s Studies'$2imf 606 $aEducation: General$2imf 606 $aEconomics of the Elderly$2imf 606 $aEconomics of the Handicapped$2imf 606 $aNon-labor Market Discrimination$2imf 606 $aLabor Economics: General$2imf 606 $aPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions$2imf 606 $aEconomics of Gender$2imf 606 $aNon-labor Discrimination$2imf 606 $aEducation$2imf 606 $aPopulation & demography$2imf 606 $aLabour$2imf 606 $aincome economics$2imf 606 $aGender studies$2imf 606 $awomen & girls$2imf 606 $aAging$2imf 606 $aLabor$2imf 606 $aPersonal income$2imf 606 $aWomen$2imf 606 $aPopulation aging$2imf 606 $aLabor economics$2imf 606 $aIncome$2imf 607 $aBrazil$xEconomic conditions$y1985-$xEconometric models 607 $aBrazil$xSocial conditions$y1985- 607 $aBrazil$2imf 615 0$aIncome$xEconometric models. 615 0$aChild labor$xEconometric models. 615 0$aSocial security$xEconometric models. 615 0$aSchool enrollment$xEconometric models. 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aDemography 615 7$aWomen''s Studies' 615 7$aEducation: General 615 7$aEconomics of the Elderly 615 7$aEconomics of the Handicapped 615 7$aNon-labor Market Discrimination 615 7$aLabor Economics: General 615 7$aPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions 615 7$aEconomics of Gender 615 7$aNon-labor Discrimination 615 7$aEducation 615 7$aPopulation & demography 615 7$aLabour 615 7$aincome economics 615 7$aGender studies 615 7$awomen & girls 615 7$aAging 615 7$aLabor 615 7$aPersonal income 615 7$aWomen 615 7$aPopulation aging 615 7$aLabor economics 615 7$aIncome 676 $a339.2 700 $ade Carvalho Filho$b Irineu$01610173 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910827362603321 996 $aHousehold Income As A Determinant of Child Labor and School Enrollment in Brazil$94094540 997 $aUNINA