LEADER 04459nam 2200721 450 001 9910827013003321 005 20230803200349.0 010 $a3-11-038651-8 010 $a3-11-034946-9 024 7 $a10.1515/9783110349467 035 $a(CKB)3360000000515195 035 $a(EBL)1642741 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001402450 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11884362 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001402450 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11358952 035 $a(PQKB)10933232 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1642741 035 $a(DE-B1597)246898 035 $a(OCoLC)913094250 035 $a(OCoLC)979585111 035 $a(DE-B1597)9783110349467 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1642741 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11010275 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL806366 035 $a(OCoLC)898769753 035 $a(EXLCZ)993360000000515195 100 $a20150213h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|nu---|u||u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMass torts in Europe $ecases and reflections /$fWillem H. van Boom, Gerhard Wagner ; with contributions by Jenny Boldon [and eighteen others] 210 1$aBerlin, [Germany] ;$aBoston, [Massachusetts] :$cDe Gruyter,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (326 p.) 225 1 $aTort and Insurance Law,$x1616-8623 ;$vVolume 34 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a3-11-034945-0 327 $tFront matter --$tTable of Contents --$t1. Mass Torts: Debates and Pathways /$rBoom, Willem H. van --$t2. The Italian 'Eternit Trial': Litigating Massive Asbestos Damage in a Criminal Court /$rCoggiola, Nadia / Graziadei, Michele --$t3. Silicone Breast Implants: Mass Tort and Massive Damage in Europe /$rFerrari, Melissa R. --$t4. The 'Costa Concordia' Case /$rPerrella, Claudio --$t5. Ombudsman for the Victims of the Rail Accident at Eschede on 3 June 1998 /$rKrasney, Otto Ernst --$t6. International Environmental Mass Litigation in the UK /$rMarangos, Hermes --$t7. South African Silicosis Litigation in London. A Case Study /$rTansley, Philip --$t8. Bank Charges /$rRolla, Francesca / Chiaves, Filippo --$t9. The German Capital Market Model Proceedings Act as Illustrated by the Example of the Frankfurt Deutsche Telekom Claims /$rTilp, Andreas W. --$t10. The Madoff Ponzi Scheme /$rBoldon, Jenny --$t11. Mass Damage in Europe: Aggregation of Claims, Effective Enforcement and Adequate Representation /$rKoch, Harald --$t12. Multiple Tortfeasors in Mass Tort Cases /$rKoch, Bernhard A. --$t13. Mass Damages in Europe - Allocation of Jurisdiction - Cross-Border Multidistrict Litigation /$rStadler, Astrid --$t14. Delivering Redress through Alternative Dispute Resolution and Regulation /$rHodges, Christopher --$t15. Mass Tort Related Insolvency Proceedings: Choice of Jurisdiction, Treatment and Discharge of Tort Claims /$rBrinkmann, Moritz --$t16. Mass Tort Resolution: Competition Between Jurisdictions and Mechanisms /$rWagner, Gerhard --$tList of Contributors --$tIndex --$tPublications 330 $ain recent years, there has been a growing interest in the legal aspects of mass torts in Europe. Both academics, legislatures, courts and policymakers throughout the whole of Europe have been struggling with the challenges that such ,massification' of private law relationships poses both in and outside of tort law. The subject moves between the law of civil procedure, substantive tort law, access to justice debates and regulatory frameworks for mass disputes. This volume offers both a caleidoscopic review of real-life key cases of mass tort and an in-depth reflection on the broader implications of mass tort in Europe. Thus, the challenges posed by mass torts are explored, mapped and analysed. 410 0$aTort and insurance law ;$vVolume 34. 606 $aClass actions (Civil procedure)$zEurope 606 $aClass actions (Civil procedure)$zEurope$vCases 606 $aTorts$zEurope 606 $aTorts$zEurope$vCases 610 $aTort Law. 615 0$aClass actions (Civil procedure) 615 0$aClass actions (Civil procedure) 615 0$aTorts 615 0$aTorts 676 $a347.053 700 $aBoom$b Willem van$01696429 702 $aWagner$b Gerhard$f1962- 702 $aBoldon$b Jenny 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910827013003321 996 $aMass torts in Europe$94076401 997 $aUNINA LEADER 13180nam 2200565 450 001 9910830480003321 005 20240131151514.0 010 $a1-118-87711-X 010 $a1-118-71644-2 010 $a9781118716410 024 7 $a10.1002/9781118716410 035 $a(EBL)1652170 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1652170 035 $a(PPN)203928318 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000547155 100 $a20151222d2014 uy 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aElectromagnetic modeling and simulation$b[electronic resource] /$fLevent Sevgi 210 1$aHoboken, New Jersey :$cJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.,$d[2014] 210 2$a[Piscataqay, New Jersey] :$cIEEE Xplore,$d[2014] 215 $a1 online resource (666 pages) 225 1 $aIEEE Press series on electromagnetic wave theory 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$aOnline version: Sevgi, Levent. Electromagnetic modeling and simulation Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014 9781118716441 (DLC) 2014004699 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $aPreface xvii -- About the Author xxvii -- Acknowledgments xxix -- 1 Introduction to MODSIM 1 -- 1.1 Models and Modeling, 2 -- 1.2 Validation, Verifi cation, and Calibration, 5 -- 1.3 Available Core Models, 7 -- 1.4 Model Selection Criteria, 9 -- 1.5 Graduate Level EM MODSIM Course, 11 -- 1.5.1 Course Description and Plan, 11 -- 1.5.2 Available Virtual EM Tools, 12 -- 1.6 EM-MODSIM Lecture Flow, 12 -- 1.7 Two Level EM Guided Wave Lecture, 17 -- 1.8 Conclusions, 19 -- References, 19 -- 2 Engineers Speak with Numbers 23 -- 2.1 Introduction, 23 -- 2.2 Measurement, Calculation, and Error Analysis, 24 -- 2.3 Significant Digits, Truncation, and Round-Off Errors, 27 -- 2.4 Error Propagation, 28 -- 2.5 Error and Confi dence Level, 29 -- 2.5.1 Predicting the Population's Confidence Interval, 33 -- 2.6 Hypothesis Testing, 36 -- 2.6.1 Testing Population Mean, 38 -- 2.6.2 Testing Population Proportion, 39 -- 2.6.3 Testing Two Population Averages, 39 -- 2.6.4 Testing Two Population Proportions, 39 -- 2.6.5 Testing Paired Data, 40 -- 2.7 Hypothetical Tests on Cell Phones, 41 -- 2.8 Conclusions, 45 -- References, 45 -- 3 Numerical Analysis in Electromagnetics 47 -- 3.1 Taylor's Expansion and Numerical Differentiation, 47 -- 3.1.1 Taylor's Expansion and Ordinary Differential Equations, 50 -- 3.1.2 Poisson and Laplace Equations, 52 -- 3.1.3 An Iterative (Finite-Difference) Solution, 53 -- 3.2 Numerical Integration, 58 -- 3.2.1 Rectangular Method, 58 -- 3.3 Nonlinear Equations and Root Search, 62 -- 3.4 Linear Systems of Equations, 64 -- References, 69 -- 4 Fourier Transform and Fourier Series 71 -- 4.1 Introduction, 71 -- 4.2 Fourier Transform, 72 -- 4.2.1 Fourier Transform (FT), 72 -- 4.2.2 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), 74 -- 4.2.3 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), 76 -- 4.2.4 Aliasing, Spectral Leakage, and Scalloping Loss, 77 -- 4.2.5 Windowing and Window Functions, 80 -- 4.3 Basic Discretization Requirements, 81 -- 4.4 Fourier Series Representation, 85 -- 4.5 Rectangular Pulse and Its Harmonics, 92. 327 $a4.6 Conclusions, 92 -- References, 94 -- 5 Stochastic Modeling in Electromagnetics 95 -- 5.1 Introduction, 95 -- 5.2 Radar Signal Environment, 98 -- 5.2.1 Random Number Generation, 98 -- 5.2.2 Noise Generation, 101 -- 5.2.3 Signal Generation, 108 -- 5.2.4 Clutter Generation, 108 -- 5.3 Total Radar Signal, 111 -- 5.4 Decision Making and Detection, 114 -- 5.4.1 Hypothesis Operating Characteristics (HOCs), 115 -- 5.4.2 A Communication/Radar Receiver, 119 -- 5.5 Conclusions, 129 -- References, 130 -- 6 Electromagnetic Theory: Basic Review 133 -- 6.1 Maxwell Equations and Reduction, 133 -- 6.2 Waveguiding Structures, 134 -- 6.3 Radiation Problems and Vector Potentials, 136 -- 6.4 The Delta Dirac Function, 138 -- 6.5 Coordinate Systems and Basic Operators, 139 -- 6.6 The Point Source Representation, 141 -- 6.7 Field Representation of a Point/Line Source, 142 -- 6.8 Alternative Field Representations, 143 -- 6.9 Transverse Electric/Magnetic Fields, 145 -- 6.9.1 The 3D TE/TM Waves, 145 -- 6.9.2 The 2D TE/TM Waves, 146 -- 6.10 The TE/TM Source Injection, 151 -- 6.11 Second-Order EM Differential Equations, 154 -- 6.12 EM Wave-Transmission Line Analogy, 155 -- 6.13 Time Dependence in Maxwell Equations, 157 -- 6.14 Physical Fundamentals, 158 -- References, 158 -- 7 Sturm-Liouville Equation: The Bridge between Eigenvalue and Green's Function Problems 161 -- 7.1 Introduction, 161 -- 7.2 Guided Wave Scenarios, 162 -- 7.3 The Sturm-Liouville Equation, 165 -- 7.3.1 The Eigenvalue Problem, 167 -- 7.3.2 The Green's Function (GF) Problem, 168 -- 7.3.3 Finite z-Domain Problem, 169 -- 7.3.4 Infi nite z-Domain Problem, 170 -- 7.3.5 Relation between Eigenvalue and Green's Function Problems, 171 -- 7.4 Conclusions, 172 -- References, 173 -- 8 The 2D Nonpenetrable Parallel Plate Waveguide 175 -- 8.1 Introduction, 176 -- 8.2 Propagation Inside a 2D-PEC Parallel Plate Waveguide, 177 -- 8.2.1 Formulation of the TE- and TM-Type Problems, 178 -- 8.2.2 The Green's Function Problem, 181 -- 8.2.3 Accessing the Spectral Domain: Separation of Variables, 182. 327 $a8.2.4 Spectral Representations: Eigenvalue Problems, 183 -- 8.2.5 Spectral Representations: 1D Characteristic Green's Functions, 184 -- 8.2.6 The 2D Green's Function Problem: Alternative Representations, 185 -- 8.3 Alternative Representation: Eigenray Solution, 187 -- 8.3.1 Relation between Eigenmode and Eigenray Representations, 191 -- 8.3.2 2D GF and Hybrid Ray-Mode Decomposition, 192 -- 8.4 A 2D-PEC Parallel Plate Waveguide Simulator, 194 -- 8.4.1 Representations Used for Mode, Ray, and Hybrid Solutions, 195 -- 8.4.2 MATLAB Packages: RayMode and Hybrid, 207 -- 8.4.3 Numerical Examples, 210 -- 8.5 Eigenvalue Extraction from Propagation Characteristics, 215 -- 8.5.1 Longitudinal Correlation Function, 215 -- 8.5.2 Numerical Illustrations, 217 -- 8.6 Tilted Beam Excitation, 221 -- 8.7 Conclusions, 223 -- References, 225 -- 9 Wedge Waveguide with Nonpenetrable Boundaries 227 -- 9.1 Introduction, 228 -- 9.2 Statement of the Problem: Physical Configuration and Ray-Asymptotic Guided Wave Schematizations, 229 -- 9.3 Source-Free Solutions, 230 -- 9.3.1 Separable Coordinates: Conventional NM, 230 -- 9.3.2 Weakly Nonseparable Coordinates: AM, 231 -- 9.3.3 Uniformizing the AM Near Caustics: IM, 232 -- 9.4 Test Problem: The 2D Line-Source-Excited Nonpenetrable Wedge Waveguide, 234 -- 9.4.1 Exact Solution in Cylindrical Coordinate, 234 -- 9.4.2 Approximate Solutions in Rectangular Coordinates, 241 -- 9.4.3 IM Spectral Representation, 244 -- 9.5 The MATLAB Package ?WedgeGUIDE,? 247 -- 9.6 Numerical Tests and Illustrations, 249 -- 9.7 Conclusions, 256 -- Appendix 9A: Formation of the Spectral IM Integral in Section 9.3.3, 257 -- References, 262 -- 10 High Frequency Asymptotics: The 2D Wedge Diffraction Problem 265 -- 10.1 Introduction, 266 -- 10.2 Plane Wave Illumination and HFA Models, 268 -- 10.2.1 Exact Solution by Series Summation, 268 -- 10.2.2 The Physical Optics (PO) Solution, 270 -- 10.2.3 The PTD Solution, 272 -- 10.2.4 The UTD Solution, 273 -- 10.2.5 The Parabolic Equation (PE) Solution, 275. 327 $a10.3 HFA Models under Line Source (LS) Excitations, 275 -- 10.3.1 Exact Solution by Series Summation, 276 -- 10.3.2 Exact Solution by Integral, 277 -- 10.3.3 The Parabolic Equation (PE) Solution, 277 -- 10.4 Basic MATLAB Scripts, 278 -- 10.5 The WedgeGUI Virtual Tool and Some Examples, 291 -- 10.6 Conclusions, 297 -- References, 298 -- 11 Antennas: Isotropic Radiators and Beam Forming/Beam Steering 301 -- 11.1 Introduction, 301 -- 11.2 Arrays of Isotropic Radiators, 303 -- 11.3 The ARRAY Package, 306 -- 11.4 Beam Forming/Steering Examples, 310 -- 11.5 Conclusions, 317 -- References, 318 -- 12 Simple Propagation Models and Ray Solutions 319 -- 12.1 Introduction, 320 -- 12.2 Ray-Tracing Approaches, 321 -- 12.3 A Ray-Shooting MATLAB Package, 323 -- 12.4 Characteristic Examples, 329 -- 12.5 Flat-Earth Problem and 2Ray Model, 333 -- 12.6 Knife-Edge Problem and 4Ray Model, 338 -- 12.7 Ray Plus Diffraction Models, 348 -- 12.8 Conclusions, 351 -- References, 351 -- 13 Method of Moments 353 -- 13.1 Introduction, 353 -- 13.2 Approximating a Periodic Function by Other Functions: Fourier Series Representation, 354 -- 13.3 Introduction to the MoM, 359 -- 13.4 Simple Applications of MoM, 361 -- 13.4.1 An Ordinary Differential Equation, 361 -- 13.4.2 The Parallel Plate Capacitor, 364 -- 13.4.3 Propagation over PEC Flat Earth, 366 -- 13.5 MoM Applied to Radiation and Scattering Problems, 372 -- 13.5.1 A Complex Antenna Structure, 372 -- 13.5.2 Ground Wave Propagation Modeling, 373 -- 13.5.3 EM Scattering from Infinitely Long Cylinder, 376 -- 13.5.4 3D RCS Modeling, 381 -- 13.6 MoM Applied to Wedge Diffraction Problem, 386 -- 13.7 MoM Applied to Wedge Waveguide Problem, 397 -- 13.8 Conclusions, 402 -- References, 402 -- 14 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method 407 -- 14.1 FDTD Representation of EM Plane Waves, 407 -- 14.1.1 Maxwell Equations and Plane Waves, 408 -- 14.1.2 FDTD and Discretization, 410 -- 14.1.3 A One-Dimensional FDTD MATLAB Script, 417 -- 14.1.4 MATLAB-Based FDTD1D Package, 417. 327 $a14.2 Transmission Lines and Time-Domain Reflectometer, 429 -- 14.2.1 Transmission Line (TL) Theory, 430 -- 14.2.2 Plane Wave-Transmission Line Analogy, 434 -- 14.2.3 FDTD Representation of TL Equations, 437 -- 14.2.4 MATLAB-Based TDRMeter Package, 447 -- 14.2.5 Fourier Analysis and Reflection Characteristics, 454 -- 14.2.6 Laplace Analysis and Fault Identification, 456 -- 14.2.7 Step Response, 464 -- 14.3 1D FDTD with Second-Order Differential Equations, 468 -- 14.4 Two-Dimensional (2D) FDTD Modeling, 472 -- 14.4.1 Field Components and FDTD Equations, 476 -- 14.4.2 FDTD-Based Virtual Tool: MGL2D Package, 477 -- 14.4.3 Characteristic Examples, 479 -- 14.5 Canonical 2D Wedge Scattering Problem, 494 -- 14.5.1 Problem Postulation, 494 -- 14.5.2 Review of Analytical Models, 496 -- 14.5.3 The FDTD Model, 499 -- 14.5.4 Discretization and Dey-Mittra Approach, 502 -- 14.5.5 The WedgeFDTD Package and Examples, 505 -- 14.5.6 Wedge Diffraction and FDTD versus MoM, 510 -- 14.6 Conclusions, 512 -- References, 512 -- 15 Parabolic Equation Method 515 -- 15.1 Introduction, 516 -- 15.2 The Parabolic Equation (PE) Model, 518 -- 15.3 The Split-Step Parabolic Equation (SSPE) Propagation Tool, 520 -- 15.4 The Finite Element Method-Based PE Propagation Tool, 528 -- 15.5 Atmospheric Refractivity Effects, 531 -- 15.6 A 2D Surface Duct Scenario and Reference Solutions, 533 -- 15.7 LINPE Algorithm and Canonical Tests/Comparisons, 538 -- 15.8 The GrSSPE Package, 558 -- 15.9 The Single-Knife-Edge Problem, 566 -- 15.10 Accurate Source Modeling, 571 -- 15.11 Dielectric Slab Waveguide, 580 -- 15.11.1 Even and Odd Symmetric Solutions, 582 -- 15.11.2 The SSPE Propagator and Eigenvalue Extraction, 584 -- 15.11.3 The Matlab-Based DiSLAB Package, 585 -- 15.12 Conclusions, 591 -- References, 591 -- 16 Parallel Plate Waveguide Problem 595 -- 16.1 Introduction, 595 -- 16.2 Problem Postulation and Analytical Solutions: Revisited, 599 -- 16.2.1 Green's Function in Terms of Mode Summation, 602 -- 16.2.2 Mode Summation for a Tilted/Directive Antenna, 604. 327 $a16.2.3 Eigenray Representation, 606 -- 16.2.4 Hybrid Ray + Image Method, 613 -- 16.3 Numerical Models, 613 -- 16.3.1 Split Step Parabolic Equation Model, 613 -- 16.3.2 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Model, 617 -- 16.3.3 Method of Moments (MoM), 622 -- 16.4 Conclusions, 638 -- References, 639 -- Appendix A Introduction to MATLAB 643 -- Appendix B Suggested References 653 -- Appendix C Suggested Tutorials and Feature Articles 655 -- Index 659. 330 $a"Electromagnetic modeling is essential to the design and modeling of antenna, radar, satellite, medical imaging, and other applications. In Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation, author Levent Sevgi explains techniques for solving real-time complex physical problems using MATLAB-based short scripts and comprehensive virtual tools. The book thoroughly covers the physics, mathematical background, analytical solutions, and code development of electromagnetic modeling. Access to online MATLAB scripts and coding tools render this book an ideal resource for electrical engineers and researchers"--$cProvided by publisher. 330 $a"Provides the reader with first steps in EM MODSIM as well as tools for medium and high-level code developers and users"--$cProvided by publisher. 410 0$aIEEE Press series on electromagnetic wave theory. 606 $aElectromagnetism$xComputer simulation 615 0$aElectromagnetism$xComputer simulation. 676 $a621.380285/53 686 $aSCI022000$2bisacsh 700 $aSevgi$b Levent$0845969 801 0$bCaBNVSL 801 1$bCaBNVSL 801 2$bCaBNVSL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910830480003321 996 $aElectromagnetic modeling and simulation$91889380 997 $aUNINA