LEADER 08247nam 2200721 a 450 001 9910826068303321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-20374-9 010 $a9786610203741 010 $a0-309-58342-X 010 $a0-585-15876-2 035 $a(CKB)110986584751072 035 $a(OCoLC)43477386 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055152 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000163333 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11924439 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000163333 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10107786 035 $a(PQKB)11228496 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376158 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376158 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055152 035 $a(OCoLC)923261617 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584751072 100 $a19910911d1992 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aGlobal environmental change $eunderstanding the human dimensions /$fPaul C. Stern, Oran R. Young, and Daniel Druckman, editors ; Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change, Commission on the Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, DC $cNational Academy Press$d1992 215 $a1 online resource (ix, 308 pages) $cillustrations 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a0-309-04494-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 257-292) and index. 327 $aGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- HUMAN CAUSES OF GLOBAL CHANGE -- HUMAN CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL CHANGE -- PROBLEMS OF THEORY AND METHOD -- DATA NEEDS -- HUMAN RESOURCES AND ORGANIZATIONAL REQUIREMENTS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A NATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM -- 1 Prologue -- THREE GLOBAL CHANGES -- GREENHOUSE GASES AND CLIMATE CHANGE -- CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS AND THE STRATOSPHERIC OZONE LAYER -- AMAZONIAN DEFORESTATION AND THE LOSS OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY -- IMPLICATIONS -- ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK -- 2 Global Change and Social Science -- GLOBAL CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS -- TRENDS IN GLOBAL CHANGE -- CHARACTERISTICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS -- ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND HUMAN SYSTEMS -- QUESTIONS FOR NATURAL SCIENCE, QUESTIONS FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE -- CONTRIBUTIONS FROM SOCIAL SCIENCE -- KNOWLEDGE BASE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL SCIENCE -- SETTING PRIORITIES FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH -- CONCLUSION -- 3 Human Causes of Global Change -- IDENTIFYING THE MAJOR PROXIMATE CAUSES -- A TREE-STRUCTURED ACCOUNTING SYSTEM -- LIMITATIONS OF TREE-STRUCTURED ACCOUNTING -- EXPLAINING THE PROXIMATE CAUSES: THREE CASES -- THE AMERICAN REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY -- COAL COMBUSTION IN CHINA -- Causes of Present Coal Burning -- Determinants of Future Coal Burning -- FOREST CLEARING IN THE AMAZON BASIN -- Causes of Deforestation -- Alternative Futures for Amazonia -- EXPLAINING THE PROXIMATE CAUSES: SOCIAL DRIVING FORCES -- POPULATION GROWTH -- Research Needs -- ECONOMIC GROWTH -- Research Needs -- TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE -- Research Needs -- POLITICAL-ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS -- Research Needs -- ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS -- Research Needs -- CONCLUSIONS -- THE PROXIMATE CAUSES -- SOCIAL DRIVING FORCES -- IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH -- NOTES -- 4 Human Consequences and Responses -- UNDERSTANDING HUMAN CONSEQUENCES. 327 $aSOME DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN RESPONSE -- Responses to Experienced Versus Anticipated Change -- Deliberate Responses Versus Actions with Incidental Effects -- Coordinated Versus Uncoordinated Responses -- Interventions at Different Points in the Process -- THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF CONFLICT -- A Current Controversy: To Mitigate or Not to Mitigate? -- Implications of Conflict About Human Response -- HUMAN RESPONSE: THREE CASES -- INTERNATIONAL REGULATION OF OZONE-DEPLETING GASES -- THE U.S. ENERGY CONSERVATION ACHIEVEMENTS OF 1973-1985 -- Preexisting Trends -- Uncoordinated Responses to Recent Events -- Policy Responses and Implementation -- Implications for Future Climate Change -- THE HUMAN CONSEQUENCES OF REGIONAL DROUGHT IN THE SAHEL -- Different Droughts, Different Responses -- Relationship of Policy to Indigenous Response Systems -- SEVEN HUMAN SYSTEMS -- INDIVIDUAL PERCEPTION, JUDGMENT, AND ACTION -- Individual Judgment and Choice -- Aggregated Individual Responses -- Individuals as Social and Political Actors -- MARKETS -- SOCIOCULTURAL SYSTEMS -- Indigenous Sociocultural Systems of Adaptation to Environment -- Social Bonds and Responses to Environmental Change -- ORGANIZED RESPONSES OUTSIDE GOVERNMENT -- Communities -- Social Movements -- Corporations and Trade and Industry Associations -- NATIONAL POLICY -- National Differences in Environmental Policy -- The Environmental Decision-Making Process -- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION -- GLOBAL SOCIAL CHANGE -- CONCLUSIONS -- THE KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR HUMAN RESPONSES IS INHERENTLY VALUE LADEN -- HUMAN RESPONSES MUST BE ASSESSED AGAINST A CHANGING BASELINE -- HUMAN RESPONSE CAN INVOLVE INTERVENTION ANYWHERE IN THE CYCLE OFCAUSATION -- HUMAN RESPONSES AFFECT THE DRIVING FORCES OF GLOBAL CHANGE -- NOTES -- 5 Problems of Theory and Method -- INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION. 327 $aWHY GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH NEEDS SOCIAL SCIENCE -- WHY RESEARCH ON THE HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF GLOBAL CHANGE NEEDS NATURALSCIENCE -- INTERDISCIPLINARY COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES -- PROBLEMS OF THEORY CONSTRUCTION -- IDENTIFYING KEY RELATIONSHIPS AND INTERDEPENDENCIES -- Research Needs -- UNDERSTANDING NONLINEARITIES -- Research Needs -- UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL IRREVERSIBILITY -- Research Needs -- DEVELOPING APPROPRIATE ANALYSES FOR THE TIME SCALE OF DECADES TOCENTURIES -- Research Needs -- ANALYZING THE SPATIAL SCALES OF HUMAN ACTIVITY -- Research Needs -- DEALING WITH THE PROBLEM OF REFLEXIVITY -- Research Needs -- SELECTING APPROPRIATE METHODS -- METHODS FOR IMPROVING UNDERSTANDING -- METHODS FOR INFORMING CHOICE -- Social Impact Assessment Methodology -- Methods for Valuation -- The Appropriate Uses of Research -- CONCLUSIONS -- INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION IS ESSENTIAL -- NEW THEORETICAL TOOLS ARE REQUIRED -- METHODOLOGICAL PLURALISM IS THE MOST APPROPRIATE STRATEGY -- POST HOC ANALYSES ARE ESSENTIAL FOR EVALUATING HUMAN RESPONSES -- 6 Data Needs -- THREE HYPOTHETICAL RESEARCH PROJECTS -- CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING: A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY -- Dependent variables -- Independent variables -- HUMAN CONSEQUENCES OF DEPLETION OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE -- ECONOMIC AND NONECONOMIC FORCES CAUSING LOSS OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY -- DATA AVAILABILITY -- WHAT IS AVAILABLE -- AN INFORMATION NETWORK -- COSTS OF DATA -- QUALITY AND INTERPRETABILITY OF DATA -- PROBLEMS OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY -- RESEARCH ON MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS -- DATA COLLECTION NEEDS -- ANALYTICAL DATA AND ACCOUNTING -- SAMPLING NATIONS -- INTENSIVE LOCAL DATA COLLECTION -- 7 Human Resources And Organizational Structures -- INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES -- NATIONAL CENTERS FOR RESEARCH -- TRAINING -- INSTITUTIONALIZING COOPERATIVE RESEARCH. 327 $aORGANIZATION BARRIERS TO RESEARCH IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT -- CONCLUSION -- 8 A National Research Program On The Human Dimensions Of Global Change -- OVERARCHING ISSUES -- RESEARCH PRIORITIES -- DATA NEEDS -- HUMAN RESOURCES AND ORGANIZATION -- FUNDING -- References -- Index. 606 $aNature$xEffect of human beings on 606 $aHuman ecology$xResearch 606 $aGlobal environmental change 606 $aEnvironmental protection$xResearch 606 $aEnvironmental policy 615 0$aNature$xEffect of human beings on. 615 0$aHuman ecology$xResearch. 615 0$aGlobal environmental change. 615 0$aEnvironmental protection$xResearch. 615 0$aEnvironmental policy. 676 $a363.7 701 $aStern$b Paul C.$f1944-$01609213 701 $aYoung$b Oran R$0126788 701 $aDruckman$b Daniel$f1939-$0142294 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910826068303321 996 $aGlobal environmental change$93956106 997 $aUNINA