LEADER 05989oam 22008055 450 001 9910826026403321 005 20230126210015.0 010 $a1-283-90665-1 010 $a0-8213-9459-2 024 7 $a10.1596/978-0-8213-9459-5 035 $a(CKB)2670000000315610 035 $a(EBL)1109721 035 $a(OCoLC)801220111 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000782573 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12312403 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000782573 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10746259 035 $a(PQKB)10175637 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16033921 035 $a(PQKB)21360187 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1109721 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1109721 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10639324 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL421915 035 $a(The World Bank)17390953 035 $a(US-djbf)17390953 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000315610 100 $a20120718d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAdaptation to a changing climate in the Arab countries : $ea case for adaptation governance and leadership in building climate resilience /$fDorte Verner 210 1$aWashington DC :$cWorld Bank,$d[2012] 210 4$dcopyright 2012. 215 $apages cm 225 0 $aMENA development report 225 0$aMENA development report 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-9458-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Abbreviations; Overview; Climate Has Shaped the Cultures of Arab Countries; Figures; 1 The Adaptation Pyramid: A Framework for Action on Climate Change Adaptation; Climate Change Is Happening Now, and People Are Affected in Arab Countries; A Harsh Environment Has Shaped the Cultures in the Region; 1 Climate Change Is Happening Now; Boxes; 1.1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Definitions: Climate, Climate Change, and Climate Variability; The Effects of Climate Change Are Socially Differentiated 327 $a1.2 Water-Related Impacts: Selected Examples from the Arab Region1.3 Effects of Severe Droughts on Rural Livelihoods in Syria; Tables; 1.1 Socioeconomic Information for Arab Countries; 1.1 Cumulative Impacts of Climate Change on Household Income for Syria, Tunisia, and the Republic of Yemen; 1.2 The Bedouin's Assets to Cope with Drought, 1990 and 2010; Climate Change Adaptation Is about Reducing Vulnerability; 1.4 Definitions of Climate Change Adaptation; 1.3 Conceptual Framework for Defining Vulnerability 327 $aClimate Change Adaptation Should Be an Integrated Part of Public Sector Management for Sustainable Development1.4 The Adaptation Pyramid: A Framework for Action on Climate Change Adaptation; Notes; 1.5 Jordan Desert Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project; References; 2 Ways Forward for Climatology; 2.1 Some Basic Definitions; Despite Sparse Observational Data, the Projections Are That Most of the Arab Region Is Becoming Hotter and Drier; Maps; 2.1 Spatial Distribution of Stations with at Least 10 Years of Monthly Rainfall 327 $a2.2 Rainfall Stations in the Republic of Yemen Run by the Ministry of Irrigation and Agriculture, 20072.2 Observational Networks; 2.3 Access to Data; 2.3 Rainfall in Arab Countries and Year-to-Year Variations; 2.4 Positive Temperature Trends Seen in the Majority of Available Ground Stations; 2.4 Capacity Building Using Regional Climate Information; 2.5 Spatial Distribution of Rainfall from a Study Conducted in the Region, 1998-2009; 2.1 Change in Days with Maximum and Minimum Temperatures; IPCC AR4 Projects Warming and Aridity 327 $a2.6 Projected Surface Temperature Changes for the Early and Late 21st Century Relative to the Period 1980-992.7 Temperature and Rainfall Changes over Africa (and the Arabian Peninsula) Based on 21 IPCC AR4 Models under the IPCC A1B Scenario; 2.8 Projected Climate Change for Late This Century; 2.9 Annual Mean Temperature Response in Africa in 2 out of 21 IPCC AR4 Models; 2.10 Changes in Rainfall Extremes Based on Multimodel Simulations from Nine Global Coupled Climate Models; Downscaled Projections Are Available for the Region; 2.5 Climate Models and Downscaling 327 $a2.11 Example of the Benefit from High-Resolution Modeling 330 $aIn the Arab countries, climate change is a risk to poverty reduction and economic growth, threatening to unravel many of the development gains that have been achieved. The Arab Region is already suffering adverse consequences from climate variability and change. This book provides information on climate change and its impact in the Arab Region, as well as technical guidance on climate adaptation options for policy makers. The areas addressed include the economic impacts of climate change (as measured by the reduction in household income and GDP); the impacts of climate change on the water, hea 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aClimatic changes$zArab countries 606 $aClimatic changes$xSocial aspects$zArab countries 606 $aClimatic changes$xEnvironmental aspects$zArab countries 606 $aClimatic changes$xEconomic aspects$zArab countries 606 $aClimatic changes$xEffect of human beings on$zArab countries 607 $aArab countries$xEnvironmental conditions 615 0$aClimatic changes 615 0$aClimatic changes$xSocial aspects 615 0$aClimatic changes$xEnvironmental aspects 615 0$aClimatic changes$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aClimatic changes$xEffect of human beings on 676 $a363.738/7456109174927 700 $aVerner$b Dorte$01648918 701 $aVerner$b Dorte$01648918 801 0$bDLC 801 1$bDLC 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910826026403321 996 $aAdaptation to a changing climate in the Arab countries$94102513 997 $aUNINA