LEADER 05091nam 2200493 450 001 9910556881103321 005 20231110212639.0 010 $a3-030-76275-0 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6941321 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6941321 035 $a(CKB)21435621700041 035 $a(PPN)261518836 035 $a(EXLCZ)9921435621700041 100 $a20221110d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 13$aAn optimization primer /$fJohannes O. Royset and Roger J.-B. Wets 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer,$d[2022] 210 4$d©2022 215 $a1 online resource (692 pages) 225 1 $aSpringer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering 311 08$aPrint version: Royset, Johannes O. An Optimization Primer Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 9783030762742 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- How to Read the Book -- Supporting Material -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 PRELUDE -- 1.A The Mathematical Curtain Rise -- 1.B Data Smoothing -- 1.C Optimization under Uncertainty -- 1.D Convex Analysis -- 1.E Estimation and Classification -- 1.F Gradient Descent Method -- 1.G Newton's Method -- 1.H Acceleration and Regularization -- 1.I Quasi-Newton Methods -- 1.J Coordinate Descent Algorithms -- 2 CONVEX OPTIMIZATION -- 2.A Formulations -- 2.B Subderivatives and Subgradients -- 2.C Subgradient Calculus -- 2.D Proximal Gradient Methods -- 2.E Linear Constraints -- 2.F Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Condition -- 2.G Interior-Point Method -- 2.H Support Vector Machines -- 2.I Subgradient Method -- 2.J Conic Constraints -- 2.K Polyhedral Analysis -- 3 OPTIMIZATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY -- 3.A Product Mix Optimization -- 3.B Expectation Functions -- 3.C Risk Modeling -- 3.D Models of Uncertainty -- 3.E Risk-Adaptive Design -- 3.F Optimality in Stochastic Optimization -- 3.G Stochastic Gradient Descent -- 3.H Simple Recourse Problems -- 3.I Control of Water Pollution -- 3.J Linear Recourse Problems -- 3.K Network Capacity Expansion -- 4 MINIMIZATION PROBLEMS -- 4.A Formulations -- 4.B Network Design and Operation -- 4.C Epigraphical Approximation Algorithm -- 4.D Constraint Softening -- 4.E Set Analysis -- 4.F Robotic Path Planning -- 4.G Tangent and Normal Cones I -- 4.H Tangent and Normal Cones II -- 4.I Subdifferentiability -- 4.J Optimality Conditions -- 4.K SQP and Interior-Point Methods -- 5 PERTURBATION AND DUALITY -- 5.A Rockafellians -- 5.B Quantitative Stability -- 5.C Lagrangians and Dual Problems -- 5.D Lagrangian Relaxation -- 5.E Saddle Points -- 5.F Strong Duality -- 5.G Reformulations -- 5.H L-Shaped Method -- 5.I Monitoring Functions -- 5.J Lagrangian Finite-Generation Method -- 6 WITHOUT CONVEXITY OR SMOOTHNESS. 327 $a6.A Second-Order Analysis -- 6.B Augmented Lagrangians -- 6.C Epigraphical Nesting -- 6.D Optimality Conditions -- 6.E Sup-Projections -- 6.F Proximal Composite Method -- 6.G Design of Multi-Component Systems -- 6.H Difference-of-Convex Functions -- 6.I DC in Regression and Classification -- 6.J Approximation Errors -- 7 GENERALIZED EQUATIONS -- 7.A Formulations -- 7.B Equilibrium in Energy Markets -- 7.C Traffic Equilibrium -- 7.D Reformulation as Minimization Problems -- 7.E Projection Methods -- 7.F Nonsmooth Newton-Raphson Algorithm -- 7.G Continuity of Set-Valued Mappings -- 7.H Graphical Approximation Algorithm -- 7.I Consistent Approximations -- 7.J Approximation Errors -- 8 RISK MODELING AND SAMPLE AVERAGES -- 8.A Estimation of Optimality Gaps -- 8.B Risk and Regret -- 8.C Risk-Adaptive Data Analytics -- 8.D Duality -- 8.E Subgradients of Functionals -- 8.F Residual Risk and Surrogates -- 8.G Sample Average Approximations -- 8.H Concentration Inequalities -- 8.I Diametrical Stochastic Optimization -- 9 GAMES AND MINSUP PROBLEMS -- 9.A Nash Games -- 9.B Formulation as Minsup Problems -- 9.C Bifunctions and Solutions -- 9.D Lopsided Approximation Algorithm -- 9.E Lop-Convergence I -- 9.F Lop-Convergence II -- 9.G Approximation of Games -- 9.H Walras Barter Model -- 10 DECOMPOSITION -- 10.A Proximal Alternating Gradient Method -- 10.B Linkage Constraints -- 10.C Progressive Decoupling Algorithm -- 10.D Local Elicitation -- 10.E Decoupling in Stochastic Optimization -- 10.F Strong Monotonicity -- 10.G Variational Convexity and Elicitation -- 10.H Nonlinear Linkage -- References -- Index. 410 0$aSpringer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering 606 $aOptimització matemàtica$2thub 606 $aMathematical optimization 608 $aLlibres electrònics$2thub 615 7$aOptimització matemàtica 615 0$aMathematical optimization. 676 $a519.6 700 $aRoyset$b Johannes O.$01218704 702 $aWets$b Roger J.-B. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910556881103321 996 $aAn optimization primer$92974976 997 $aUNINA LEADER 06004nam 22004693 450 001 9910826019003321 005 20230629230837.0 010 $a1-63081-917-4 035 $a(CKB)5150000000654807 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6877370 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6877370 035 $a(OCoLC)1303087906 035 $a(EXLCZ)995150000000654807 100 $a20220207d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aSpectrum Wars 210 1$aNorwood :$cArtech House,$d2021. 210 4$d©2021. 215 $a1 online resource (217 pages) 327 $aSpectrum Wars: The Rise of 5G and Beyond -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1 Introduction: The Changing World of Spectrum -- 1.1 5G and Beyond Technologies: Their De -- 1.2 The Search for Access for Additional -- 1.2.1 Spectrum Availability Today -- 1.2.2 The Role of Technology -- 1.2.3 The Role of the Spectrum Management and Regulatory Processes -- 1.3 Next Steps -- References -- 2 The Evolving International Spectrum Regulatory Landscape -- 2.1 Overview of the ITU Spectrum Management Responsibilities -- 2.2 Overview of the International Table of Frequency Allocations and the WRC Process -- 2.3 ITU-R Leadership and Participation -- 2.4 The Negotiations -- 2.5 The Role of WRC and the Identification of Spectrum for IMT Enabling 5G -- 2.6 Thoughts for the Future -- References -- 3 The Evolving Domestic Spectrum Regulatory Landscape -- 3.1 Overview -- 3.2 The Structure of Domestic Spectrum Managers -- 3.3 Managing the Domestic Table of Frequency Allocations -- 3.4 Assigning Spectrum for Particular Uses -- 3.5 Domestic Licensing of Radio Services -- 3.6 The Role of Spectrum Harmonization and Its Importance in a 5G and Beyond World -- 3.7 Evolving Trends That Licensing Decisions in a 5G and Beyond World -- 3.7.1 Obtaining Public Policy Goals Through the Licensing Process -- 3.7.2 Limiting Incumbent Use to Enable 5G Use -- 3.7.3 Incentivizing Relocation of Incumbents -- 3.7.4 Relocation of Government Users to Free up Spectrum for 5G -- 3.8 Conclusion -- References -- 4 5G Technology Overview -- 4.1 Terrestrial Mobile Wireless Services -- 4.1.1 Use of Low, Middle, and High Frequency Bands -- 4.1.2 Small Cells -- 4.1.3 Massive MIMO -- 4.2 Terrestrial Fixed Wireless Technologies -- 4.2.1 Wi-Fi -- 4.2.2 Fixed Terrestrial Wireless Services -- 4.3 Nonterrestrial Technologies -- 4.3.1 Satellite Networks. 327 $a4.4 High Altitude Platforms and Similar Technologies -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Drivers of Change, Use Cases Driving 5G, Future Challenges, and the Race to Be First -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.2 Drivers of Change -- 5.3 Use Cases Driving 5G -- 5.3.1 Healthcare -- 5.3.2 Multi-User Experience -- 5.3.3 Hyperconnectivity -- 5.3.4 Business and Industrial Needs -- 5.3.5 Smart Cities and Smart Infrastructure -- 5.3.6 Autonomous Technology -- 5.4 The Main 5G Technology Adoption Challenges -- 5.5 The Race to Be First -- References -- 6 Meeting the Growing Demand for Spectrum -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 The Changing World of Spectrum Sharing and Efficiency -- 6.2.1 Licensed Versus Unlicensed Spectrum -- 6.2.2 Dynamic Spectrum Access -- 6.3 Public Versus Private Networks -- 6.4 Hybrid Networks and Challenges -- 6.4.1 MSS with a Terrestrial Component -- 6.4.2 NGSO and Mobile Spectrum -- 6.4.3 True Hybrid Systems -- 6.5 The Need for a Three-Dimensional Spectrum Model -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Enabling the Use of Additional Spectrum for 5G -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Getting Spectrum Into the Hands of Operators -- 7.2.1 Secondary Markets and Use It or Lose It -- 7.2.2 The FCC's Secondary Markets Approach -- 7.2.3 Use It or Lose It -- 7.2.4 CBRS and Other Approaches -- 7.2.5 Incentive-Based Spectrum Management -- 7.3 Access to the 28 GHz Band for 5G Terrestrial Services -- 7.4 Accessing Higher Frequency Bands (Above 30 GHz) -- 7.5 Set-Asides for Industrial/Private Networks -- 7.6 Local Licensing -- 7.7 Increasing Access to Government Spectrum by Commercial Operators -- 7.8 Regional and Subregional Harmonization and Implementation of 5G Bands -- 7.9 The Challenges of Increased Use by Satellite Systems -- 7.9.1 Blanket Licensing of User Earth Stations -- 7.9.2 Assigning Spectrum to Meet Increased NGSO Demand. 327 $a7.10 Remaining Challenges in Implementing New Spectrum Management/Assignment Regimes to Accommodate 5G and Beyond -- References -- 8 6G and Beyond -- 8.1 Introduction: 6G Status and Challenges -- 8.2 What Does 6G Look Like and What Is the Likely Impact on Spectrum Management? -- 8.3 Regulators and Spectrum Managers Must Begin Planning to Meet 6G Spectrum Needs -- 8.3.1 Technology Neutral Decisions -- 8.3.2 The Need for Use of a Three-Dimensional Spectrum Model -- 8.3.3 Continued Challenges in Sharing and Making the Most Efficient Use of the Spectrum Resource -- 8.3.4 The THz Frequency Band -- 8.3.5 Greater Accountability for Use of Spectrum -- 8.4 Nonspectrum Solutions to Connectivity: Optical and Quantum -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Conclusion: Challenges Ahead -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Greater Spectrum Use -- 9.3 The Protection of Incumbent Uses -- 9.4 Making Additional Spectrum Available on a Technology Neutral Basis -- 9.5 Reducing Regulatory Burdens and Fees -- 9.6 Achieving Global Harmonization -- 9.7 Competition -- 9.8 Conclusion -- References -- Glossary -- About the Author -- Index. 517 $aSpectrum Wars 606 $aRadio frequency allocation 606 $aCell phone systems 606 $a5G mobile communication systems 615 0$aRadio frequency allocation. 615 0$aCell phone systems. 615 0$a5G mobile communication systems. 676 $a384.54524 700 $aManner$b Jennifer A$01104641 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910826019003321 996 $aSpectrum Wars$93916291 997 $aUNINA