LEADER 05927nam 2200661 a 450 001 9910825954303321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-309-17405-8 010 $a1-280-18681-X 010 $a9786610186815 010 $a0-309-59183-X 010 $a0-585-02454-5 035 $a(CKB)110986584752292 035 $a(OCoLC)614707484 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055122 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000104212 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11130400 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000104212 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10078993 035 $a(PQKB)11227034 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376128 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376128 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055122 035 $a(OCoLC)923261364 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584752292 100 $a19980528d1998 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aAntimicrobial resistance $eissues and options : workshop report /$fForum on Emerging Infections, Division of Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine ; Polly F. Harrison and Joshua Lederberg, editors 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1998 215 $a1 online resource (127 pages) $cillustrations 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a0-309-06084-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aAntimicrobial Resistance: Issues and Options -- Copyright -- Preface -- THE FORUM -- THE REPORT AND ITS ORGANIZATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- NOTES -- Contents -- Workshop Summary -- INTRODUTION -- ISSUSE AND OPTIONS -- Workshop Report -- INTRODUCTION -- The Topic -- The Workshop -- THE COSTS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE -- Background -- Recent Case Material -- TRACKING THE PROBLEM: CURRENT APPROACHES TO SURVEILLANCE -- Characteristics of an Ideal Resistance Surveillance System -- Local-Level Surveillance -- National Systems -- The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- The Surveillance Network -- The Canadian System -- The Icelandic Surveillance System -- International Systems -- CEM/NET -- World Health Organization (WHO) Initiatives -- SENTRY -- Surveillance and the Laboratory -- What Is Needed -- System Design Issues -- Funding for Surveillance -- HOW CAN THE SCIENCES HELP? -- Implications of Mapping the Genome -- Molecular Detection of Genes Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance -- Limitations of Phenotype-Based Detection Methods -- Knowledge About the Genetic Basis of Resistance -- Advantages and Limitations of Genotype-Based Antimicrobial Resistance Detection -- High-Density Oligonucleotide Arrays -- Applications of Genomics and Bioinformatics to the Development of Anti-Infectives -- A Role for New Therapeutic Approaches in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance -- Applications of Field Surveillance in the United States and Globally -- What Is Needed -- SOURCES OF RESISTANCE AND ANTIBIOTIC USE -- Sources of Resistance -- Antibiotic Use -- The Hospital -- The Community -- The Farm -- Factors in Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics -- Strategies for Judicious Antibiotic Use -- RESISTANCE AND FOOD PRODUCTION: ISSUES AND NEEDS -- Concerns and Perspectives from Producers -- A National Surveillance System. 327 $aStrengthened Professional and Public Education -- Increased Research -- The Ecology of Resistance on the Farm -- U.S. Department of Agriculture -- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -- Areas for Consideration and Action in Food Production -- Collaboration -- Research -- Education -- LEGAL AND REGULATORY CONCERNS -- Matters of Law and Possible Responses -- Surveillance -- Rational Use of Antimicrobial Drugs -- Research and Development -- Intellectual Property Protection -- New Products -- Existing Products and Compounds -- Targeted Drug Development -- Collaborative Research and Development -- Regulatory FDA Responses to Antimicrobial Resistance -- Restricted Distribution -- SUMMARY OF AREAS FOR CONSIDERATION -- Surveillance -- Information Systems -- Laboratory Systems -- Law and Regulation -- Response: Prolonging Effectiveness -- Education -- Law and Regulation -- Response: Developing New Products -- Incentives for Industry -- Research -- Education -- Agricultural Use -- Research -- FINAL COMMENTS -- NOTES -- APPENDIX A Inventory of Surveillance Systems -- DOMESTIC ANTIMICROBIAL SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES -- United States -- United States Military Surveillance -- United States: Regional Surveillance -- OTHER COUNTRIES -- Canada -- Denmark -- Finland -- Greece -- Iceland -- EUROPEAN-WIDE SYSTEMS -- GLOBAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS -- APPENDIX B American Society for Microbiology Recommendations -- NATIONAL ANTIMICROBIAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM -- A.Indications -- B.Considerations -- 1. National surveillance system should do the following -- 2. Monitoring of organisms -- 3. Geographic locations of participants -- 4. Monitoring of populations -- 5. Methods -- 6. Locations of pathogen testing -- 7. Format for data -- 8. Data entry and analyses -- 9. Frequency of analysis and access -- 10. Organization of the surveillance system -- 11. Immediate recommendations. 327 $aAppendix C Glossary and Acronyms -- Appendix D Workshop Agenda. 606 $aDrug resistance in microorganisms 606 $aAntibiotics 606 $aEmerging infectious diseases$xChemotherapy 615 0$aDrug resistance in microorganisms. 615 0$aAntibiotics. 615 0$aEmerging infectious diseases$xChemotherapy. 676 $a616/.01 701 $aHarrison$b Polly F$01646797 701 $aLederberg$b Joshua$095738 712 02$aInstitute of Medicine (U.S.).$bForum on Emerging Infections. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910825954303321 996 $aAntimicrobial resistance$94042693 997 $aUNINA