LEADER 02051nam 2200505Ia 450 001 9910825923003321 005 20200520144314.0 035 $a(CKB)1000000000003711 035 $a(OCoLC)70749211 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary2001951 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000672586 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11395846 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000672586 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10635935 035 $a(PQKB)10474716 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3117706 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3117706 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr2001951 035 $a(OCoLC)927515702 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000003711 100 $a19981119e20011900 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aHistory of the theory of sovereignty since Rousseau /$fC.E. Merriam, Jr 210 $aKitchener, Ont. $cBatoche$d2001 215 $a1 online resource (187 p.) 300 $aReprint. Originally published : New York : Columbia University Press, 1900. 311 $a1-55273-062-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical notes. 327 $aIntro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter I. Introduction. -- Chapter II The Kantian Theory -- Chapter III The Reactionary Theory of Divine Right. -- Chapter IV The Patrimonial Theory -- Chapter V The Sovereignty of Reason. -- Chapter VI. Popular and State Sovereignty. -- Chapter VII Popular and State Sovereignty (Continued) -- Chapter VIII The Austinian Theory -- Chapter IX Sovereignty and the American Union -- Chapter X. Federalism and the Continental Theory. -- Chapter XI Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Notes. 606 $aSovereignty$xHistory 606 $aPolitical science$xHistory 615 0$aSovereignty$xHistory. 615 0$aPolitical science$xHistory. 700 $aMerriam$b Charles Edward$f1874-1953.$0246802 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910825923003321 996 $aHistory of the theory of sovereignty since Rousseau$94071453 997 $aUNINA LEADER 09321nam 2200673Ia 450 001 9910821090003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-68713-1 010 $a9786612687136 010 $a0-470-40970-3 035 $a(CKB)2670000000014658 035 $a(EBL)514312 035 $a(OCoLC)609862481 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000362325 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11287120 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000362325 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10381207 035 $a(PQKB)11170803 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC514312 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL514312 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10383612 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL268713 035 $a(PPN)148347789 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000014658 100 $a20080619d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aLaser physics /$fPeter W. Milonni, Joseph H. Eberly 205 $aSecond edition. 210 $aHoboken, NJ $cJohn Wiley & Sons$dc2010 215 $a1 online resource (849 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-470-40971-1 311 $a0-470-38771-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- LASER PHYSICS -- CONTENTS -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to Laser Operation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Lasers and Laser Light -- 1.3 Light in Cavities -- 1.4 Light Emission and Absorption in Quantum Theory -- 1.5 Einstein Theory of Light-Matter Interactions -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Solids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Electron Energy Levels in Atoms -- 2.3 Molecular Vibrations -- 2.4 Molecular Rotations -- 2.5 Example: Carbon Dioxide -- 2.6 Conductors and Insulators -- 2.7 Semiconductors -- 2.8 Semiconductor Junctions -- 2.9 Light-Emitting Diodes -- 2.10 Summary -- Appendix: Energy Bands in Solids -- Problems -- 3 Absorption, Emission, and Dispersion of Light -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Electron Oscillator Model -- 3.3 Spontaneous Emission -- 3.4 Absorption -- 3.5 Absorption of Broadband Light -- 3.6 Thermal Radiation -- 3.7 Emission and Absorption of Narrowband Light -- 3.8 Collision Broadening -- 3.9 Doppler Broadening -- 3.10 The Voigt Profile -- 3.11 Radiative Broadening -- 3.12 Absorption and Gain Coefficients -- 3.13 Example: Sodium Vapor -- 3.14 Refractive Index -- 3.15 Anomalous Dispersion -- 3.16 Summary -- Appendix: The Oscillator Model and Quantum Theory -- Problems -- 4 Laser Oscillation: Gain and Threshold -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Gain and Feedback -- 4.3 Threshold -- 4.4 Photon Rate Equations -- 4.5 Population Rate Equations -- 4.6 Comparison with Chapter 1 -- 4.7 Three-Level Laser Scheme -- 4.8 Four-Level Laser Scheme -- 4.9 Pumping Three- and Four-Level Lasers -- 4.10 Examples of Three- and Four-Level Lasers -- 4.11 Saturation -- 4.12 Small-Signal Gain and Saturation -- 4.13 Spatial Hole Burning -- 4.14 Spectral Hole Burning -- 4.15 Summary -- Problems -- 5 Laser Oscillation: Power and Frequency -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Uniform-Field Approximation -- 5.3 Optimal Output Coupling. 327 $a5.4 Effect of Spatial Hole Burning -- 5.5 Large Output Coupling -- 5.6 Measuring Gain and Optimal Output Coupling -- 5.7 Inhomogeneously Broadened Media -- 5.8 Spectral Hole Burning and the Lamb Dip -- 5.9 Frequency Pulling -- 5.10 Obtaining Single-Mode Oscillation -- 5.11 The Laser Linewidth -- 5.12 Polarization and Modulation -- 5.13 Frequency Stabilization -- 5.14 Laser at Threshold -- Appendix: The Fabry-Pérot Etalon -- Problems -- 6 Multimode and Pulsed Lasing -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Rate Equations for Intensities and Populations -- 6.3 Relaxation Oscillations -- 6.4 Q Switching -- 6.5 Methods of Q Switching -- 6.6 Multimode Laser Oscillation -- 6.7 Phase-Locked Oscillators -- 6.8 Mode Locking -- 6.9 Amplitude-Modulated Mode Locking -- 6.10 Frequency-Modulated Mode Locking -- 6.11 Methods of Mode Locking -- 6.12 Amplification of Short Pulses -- 6.13 Amplified Spontaneous Emission -- 6.14 Ultrashort Light Pulses -- Appendix: Diffraction of Light by Sound -- Problems -- 7 Laser Resonators and Gaussian Beams -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Ray Matrix -- 7.3 Resonator Stability -- 7.4 The Paraxial Wave Equation -- 7.5 Gaussian Beams -- 7.6 The ABCD Law for Gaussian Beams -- 7.7 Gaussian Beam Modes -- 7.8 Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian Beams -- 7.9 Resonators for He-Ne Lasers -- 7.10 Diffraction -- 7.11 Diffraction by an Aperture -- 7.12 Diffraction Theory of Resonators -- 7.13 Beam Quality -- 7.14 Unstable Resonators for High-Power Lasers -- 7.15 Bessel Beams -- Problems -- 8 Propagation of Laser Radiation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Wave Equation for the Electric Field -- 8.3 Group Velocity -- 8.4 Group Velocity Dispersion -- 8.5 Chirping -- 8.6 Propagation Modes in Fibers -- 8.7 Single-Mode Fibers -- 8.8 Birefringence -- 8.9 Rayleigh Scattering -- 8.10 Atmospheric Turbulence -- 8.11 The Coherence Diameter. 327 $a8.12 Beam Wander and Spread -- 8.13 Intensity Scintillations -- 8.14 Remarks -- Problems -- 9 Coherence in Atom-Field Interactions -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation -- 9.3 Two-State Atoms in Sinusoidal Fields -- 9.4 Density Matrix and Collisional Relaxation -- 9.5 Optical Bloch Equations -- 9.6 Maxwell-Bloch Equations -- 9.7 Semiclassical Laser Theory -- 9.8 Resonant Pulse Propagation -- 9.9 Self-Induced Transparency -- 9.10 Electromagnetically Induced Transparency -- 9.11 Transit-Time Broadening and the Ramsey Effect -- 9.12 Summary -- Problems -- 10 Introduction to Nonlinear Optics -- 10.1 Model for Nonlinear Polarization -- 10.2 Nonlinear Susceptibilities -- 10.3 Self-Focusing -- 10.4 Self-Phase Modulation -- 10.5 Second-Harmonic Generation -- 10.6 Phase Matching -- 10.7 Three-Wave Mixing -- 10.8 Parametric Amplification and Oscillation -- 10.9 Two-Photon Downconversion -- 10.10 Discussion -- Problems -- 11 Some Specific Lasers and Amplifiers -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Electron-Impact Excitation -- 11.3 Excitation Transfer -- 11.4 He-Ne Lasers -- 11.5 Rate Equation Model of Population Inversion in He-Ne Lasers -- 11.6 Radial Gain Variation in He-Ne Laser Tubes -- 11.7 CO(2) Electric-Discharge Lasers -- 11.8 Gas-Dynamic Lasers -- 11.9 Chemical Lasers -- 11.10 Excimer Lasers -- 11.11 Dye Lasers -- 11.12 Optically Pumped Solid-State Lasers -- 11.13 Ultrashort, Superintense Pulses -- 11.14 Fiber Amplifiers and Lasers -- 11.15 Remarks -- Appendix: Gain or Absorption Coefficient for Vibrational-Rotational Transitions -- Problems -- 12 Photons -- 12.1 What is a Photon -- 12.2 Photon Polarization: All or Nothing -- 12.3 Failures of Classical Theory -- 12.4 Wave Interference and Photons -- 12.5 Photon Counting -- 12.6 The Poisson Distribution -- 12.7 Photon Detectors -- 12.8 Remarks -- Problems -- 13 Coherence. 327 $a13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Brightness -- 13.3 The Coherence of Light -- 13.4 The Mutual Coherence Function -- 13.5 Complex Degree Of Coherence -- 13.6 Quasi-Monochromatic Fields and Visibility -- 13.7 Spatial Coherence of Light From Ordinary Sources -- 13.8 Spatial Coherence of Laser Radiation -- 13.9 Diffraction of Laser Radiation -- 13.10 Coherence and the Michelson Interferometer -- 13.11 Temporal Coherence -- 13.12 The Photon Degeneracy Factor -- 13.13 Orders of Coherence -- 13.14 Photon Statistics of Lasers and Thermal Sources -- 13.15 Brown-Twiss Correlations -- Problems -- 14 Some Applications of Lasers -- 14.1 Lidar -- 14.2 Adaptive Optics for Astronomy -- 14.3 Optical Pumping and Spin-Polarized Atoms -- 14.4 Laser Cooling -- 14.5 Trapping Atoms with Lasers and Magnetic Fields -- 14.6 Bose-Einstein Condensation -- 14.7 Applications of Ultrashort Pulses -- 14.8 Lasers in Medicine -- 14.9 Remarks -- Problems -- 15 Diode Lasers and Optical Communications -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Diode Lasers -- 15.3 Modulation of Diode Lasers -- 15.4 Noise Characteristics of Diode Lasers -- 15.5 Information and Noise -- 15.6 Optical Communications -- Problems -- 16 Numerical Methods for Differential Equations -- 16.A Fortran Program for Ordinary Differential Equations -- 16.B Fortran Program for Plane-Wave Propagation -- 16.C Fortran Program for Paraxial Propagation -- Index. 330 $aAlthough the basic principles of lasers have remained unchanged in the past 20 years, there has been a shift in the kinds of lasers generating interest. Providing a comprehensive introduction to the operating principles and applications of lasers, this second edition of the classic book on the subject reveals the latest developments and applications of lasers. Placing more emphasis on applications of lasers and on optical physics, the book's self-contained discussions will appeal to physicists, chemists, optical scientists, engineers, and advanced undergraduate students. 606 $aLasers 606 $aNonlinear optics 606 $aPhysical optics 615 0$aLasers. 615 0$aNonlinear optics. 615 0$aPhysical optics. 676 $a621.36/6 700 $aMilonni$b Peter W$0472725 701 $aEberly$b J. H.$f1935-$0729026 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910821090003321 996 $aLaser physics$91408329 997 $aUNINA