LEADER 05541nam 2200685 a 450 001 9910144118703321 005 20170815111120.0 010 $a1-281-84100-5 010 $a9786611841003 010 $a0-470-77077-5 010 $a0-470-77078-3 035 $a(CKB)1000000000549390 035 $a(EBL)366774 035 $a(OCoLC)476201818 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000206842 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11180050 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000206842 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10246504 035 $a(PQKB)10229985 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC366774 035 $a(PPN)263348644 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000549390 100 $a20080124d2008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMultivariable model-building$b[electronic resource] $ea pragmatic approach to regression analysis based on fractional polynomials for modelling continuous variables /$fPatrick Royston, Willi Sauerbrei 210 $aChichester, England ;$aHoboken, NJ $cJohn Wiley$dc2008 215 $a1 online resource (323 p.) 225 1 $aWiley series in probability and statistics 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-470-02842-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 271-283) and index. 327 $aMultivariable Model-Building; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Real-Life Problems as Motivation for Model Building; 1.1.1 Many Candidate Models; 1.1.2 Functional Form for Continuous Predictors; 1.1.3 Example 1: Continuous Response; 1.1.4 Example 2: Multivariable Model for Survival Data; 1.2 Issues in Modelling Continuous Predictors; 1.2.1 Effects of Assumptions; 1.2.2 Global versus Local Influence Models; 1.2.3 Disadvantages of Fractional Polynomial Modelling; 1.2.4 Controlling Model Complexity; 1.3 Types of Regression Model Considered; 1.3.1 Normal-Errors Regression 327 $a1.3.2 Logistic Regression1.3.3 Cox Regression; 1.3.4 Generalized Linear Models; 1.3.5 Linear and Additive Predictors; 1.4 Role of Residuals; 1.4.1 Uses of Residuals; 1.4.2 Graphical Analysis of Residuals; 1.5 Role of Subject-Matter Knowledge in Model Development; 1.6 Scope of Model Building in our Book; 1.7 Modelling Preferences; 1.7.1 General Issues; 1.7.2 Criteria for a Good Model; 1.7.3 Personal Preferences; 1.8 General Notation; 2 Selection of Variables; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Background; 2.3 Preliminaries for a Multivariable Analysis; 2.4 Aims of Multivariable Models 327 $a2.5 Prediction: Summary Statistics and Comparisons2.6 Procedures for Selecting Variables; 2.6.1 Strength of Predictors; 2.6.2 Stepwise Procedures; 2.6.3 All-Subsets Model Selection Using Information Criteria; 2.6.4 Further Considerations; 2.7 Comparison of Selection Strategies in Examples; 2.7.1 Myeloma Study; 2.7.2 Educational Body-Fat Data; 2.7.3 Glioma Study; 2.8 Selection and Shrinkage; 2.8.1 Selection Bias; 2.8.2 Simulation Study; 2.8.3 Shrinkage to Correct for Selection Bias; 2.8.4 Post-estimation Shrinkage; 2.8.5 Reducing Selection Bias; 2.8.6 Example; 2.9 Discussion 327 $a2.9.1 Model Building in Small Datasets2.9.2 Full, Pre-specified or Selected Model?; 2.9.3 Comparison of Selection Procedures; 2.9.4 Complexity, Stability and Interpretability; 2.9.5 Conclusions and Outlook; 3 Handling Categorical and Continuous Predictors; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Types of Predictor; 3.2.1 Binary; 3.2.2 Nominal; 3.2.3 Ordinal, Counting, Continuous; 3.2.4 Derived; 3.3 Handling Ordinal Predictors; 3.3.1 Coding Schemes; 3.3.2 Effect of Coding Schemes on Variable Selection; 3.4 Handling Counting and Continuous Predictors: Categorization 327 $a3.4.1 'Optimal' Cutpoints: A Dangerous Analysis3.4.2 Other Ways of Choosing a Cutpoint; 3.5 Example: Issues in Model Building with Categorized Variables; 3.5.1 One Ordinal Variable; 3.5.2 Several Ordinal Variables; 3.6 Handling Counting and Continuous Predictors: Functional Form; 3.6.1 Beyond Linearity; 3.6.2 Does Nonlinearity Matter?; 3.6.3 Simple versus Complex Functions; 3.6.4 Interpretability and Transportability; 3.7 Empirical Curve Fitting; 3.7.1 General Approaches to Smoothing; 3.7.2 Critique of Local and Global Influence Models; 3.8 Discussion; 3.8.1 Sparse Categories 327 $a3.8.2 Choice of Coding Scheme 330 $aMultivariable regression models are of fundamental importance in all areas of science in which empirical data must be analyzed. This book proposes a systematic approach to building such models based on standard principles of statistical modeling. The main emphasis is on the fractional polynomial method for modeling the influence of continuous variables in a multivariable context, a topic for which there is no standard approach. Existing options range from very simple step functions to highly complex adaptive methods such as multivariate splines with many knots and penalisation. This new approa 410 0$aWiley series in probability and statistics. 606 $aRegression analysis 606 $aPolynomials 606 $aVariables (Mathematics) 615 0$aRegression analysis. 615 0$aPolynomials. 615 0$aVariables (Mathematics) 676 $a519.5 676 $a519.536 700 $aRoyston$b Patrick$0854305 701 $aSauerbrei$b Willi$0854306 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910144118703321 996 $aMultivariable model-building$91907738 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05511nam 2201057 450 001 9910825784303321 005 20210421205251.0 010 $a0-520-28418-6 010 $a0-520-95983-3 024 7 $a10.1525/9780520959835 035 $a(CKB)2670000000572414 035 $a(EBL)1715160 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001367426 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12597553 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001367426 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11427011 035 $a(PQKB)11305276 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0001100800 035 $a(DE-B1597)518860 035 $a(OCoLC)1102798390 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780520959835 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1715160 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10959461 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL653537 035 $a(OCoLC)893909900 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1715160 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000572414 100 $a20141105h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|nu---|u||u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aAppealing to justice $eprisoner grievances, rights, and carceral logic /$fKitty Calavita and Valerie Jenness 210 1$aOakland, California :$cUniversity of California Press,$d2015. 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (264 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-520-28417-8 311 $a1-322-22257-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tTables --$tAcknowledgments --$t1. Introduction: Rights, Captivity, and Disputing behind Bars --$t2. "Needles," "Haystacks," and "Dead Watchdogs": The Prison Litigation Reform Act and the Inmate Grievance System in California --$t3. Naming, Blaming, and Claiming in an Uncommon Place of Law --$t4. Prisoners' Counternarratives: "This Is a Prison and It's Not Disneyland" --$t5. "Narcissists," "Liars," Process, and Paper: The Dilemmas and Solutions of Grievance Handlers --$t6. Administrative Consistency, Downstream Consequences, and "Knuckleheads" --$t7. Grievance Narratives as Frames of Meaning, Profiles of Power --$t8. Conclusion --$tAppendix A: Procedures for Interviews with Prisoners --$tAppendix B: Procedures for Interviews with CDCR Personnel --$tAppendix C: Coding the Sample of Grievances --$tCases --$tNotes --$tReferences --$tIndex 330 $aHaving gained unique access to California prisoners and corrections officials and to thousands of prisoners' written grievances and institutional responses, Kitty Calavita and Valerie Jenness take us inside one of the most significant, yet largely invisible, institutions in the United States. Drawing on sometimes startlingly candid interviews with prisoners and prison staff, as well as on official records, the authors walk us through the byzantine grievance process, which begins with prisoners filing claims and ends after four levels of review, with corrections officials usually denying requests for remedies. Appealing to Justice is both an unprecedented study of disputing in an extremely asymmetrical setting and a rare glimpse of daily life inside this most closed of institutions. Quoting extensively from their interviews with prisoners and officials, the authors give voice to those who are almost never heard from. These voices unsettle conventional wisdoms within the sociological literature-for example, about the reluctance of vulnerable and/or stigmatized populations to name injuries and file claims, and about the relentlessly adversarial subjectivities of prisoners and correctional officials-and they do so with striking poignancy. Ultimately, Appealing to Justice reveals a system fraught with impediments and dilemmas, which delivers neither justice, nor efficiency, nor constitutional conditions of confinement. 606 $aGrievance procedures for prisoners$zCalifornia 606 $aPrisoners$xCivil rights$zCalifornia 606 $aPrisoners$zCalifornia$xSocial conditions 606 $aPrisons$xLaw and legislation$zCalifornia 610 $aamerican prison system. 610 $acalifornia prisons. 610 $aconfinement. 610 $acorrection officers. 610 $acorrections officials. 610 $acriminology. 610 $adaily life for prisoners. 610 $afile claims. 610 $agrievance process. 610 $ahuman condition. 610 $aimprisonment. 610 $aincarceration. 610 $ainstitutional responses. 610 $alack of justice. 610 $alegislation. 610 $alitigation. 610 $amarginalized populations. 610 $amass incarceration. 610 $apower dynamics. 610 $aprison in the 21st century. 610 $aprison litigation reform. 610 $aprison staff. 610 $aprison stories. 610 $aprison system. 610 $aprison. 610 $aprisoners. 610 $asociology. 610 $astigmatized populations. 610 $aunited states of america. 615 0$aGrievance procedures for prisoners 615 0$aPrisoners$xCivil rights 615 0$aPrisoners$xSocial conditions. 615 0$aPrisons$xLaw and legislation 676 $a365/.64 700 $aCalavita$b Kitty$01630161 702 $aJenness$b Valerie$f1963- 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910825784303321 996 $aAppealing to justice$93968308 997 $aUNINA 999 $p$73.50$u06/17/2016$5Soc