LEADER 02035oam 2200481Ka 450 001 9910698167403321 005 20090720161938.0 035 $a(CKB)5470000002395337 035 $a(OCoLC)55713542 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002395337 100 $a20030702d2003 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aRaising the barre$b[electronic resource] $ethe geographic, financial, and economic trends of nonprofit dance companies : a study /$fby Thomas M. Smith ; foreword by Douglas C. Sonntag ; edited by Bonnie Nichols ; contributions by Janelle Ott and Don Ball 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cNational Endowment for the Arts,$d[2003] 215 $a44 pages $cdigital, PDF file 225 1 $aResearch Division report ;$v#44 300 $aTitle from PDF file (viewed Apr. 8, 2004). 300 $aAt head of title: National Endowment for the Arts. 300 $a"August 2003." 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aExecutive summary -- Introduction -- Datasets -- Significant findings -- Location and growth of nonprofit dance companies -- Starts and terminations of nonprofit dance companies -- Finances of nonprofit dance companies -- The NEA's role in supporting dance companies -- Conclusion. 517 $aRaising the barre 606 $aDance companies$xEconomic aspects$zUnited States 606 $aNonprofit organizations$xEconomic aspects$zUnited States 615 0$aDance companies$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aNonprofit organizations$xEconomic aspects 700 $aSmith$b Thomas M.$f1969-$01385930 701 $aNichols$b Bonnie$01385931 701 $aOtt$b Janelle$01385932 701 $aBall$b Don$f1964-$01385933 712 02$aNational Endowment for the Arts. 801 0$bUPM 801 1$bUPM 801 2$bOCLCQ 801 2$bOCLCG 801 2$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910698167403321 996 $aRaising the barre$93434389 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03259nam 2200385 450 001 9910824514703321 005 20200402105136.0 010 $a90-272-6163-6 035 $a(CKB)4100000010564118 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6129328 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000010564118 100 $a20200423d2020 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aPalenquero and Spanish in contact $eexploring the interface /$fJohn M. Lipski 210 1$aAmsterdam ;$aPhiladelphia :$cJohn Benjamins Publishing Company,$d[2020] 210 4$dİ2020 215 $a1 online resource (xi, 318 pages) 311 $a90-272-0486-1 327 $aIntroduction -- 1. The Palenquero language -- 2. Palenque -- 3. A brief sketch of Palenquero grammar -- 4. Palenquero-Spanish mixing : Previous observations and new data -- 5. Palenqueros' thoughts : Language identification tasks -- 6. Palenqueros talk back: Interactive tasks -- 7. Palenquero-Spanish mixing and models of language switching -- 8. Palenquero as a second language: Data and analyses -- 9. A window into Palenquero-Spanish bilingualism : Grammatical gender -- 10. Conclusions -- References -- Appendix A: Samples of L2 learners' written lengua ri Palenge -- Appendix B: Examples of written Palenquero in the community -- Appendix C: Palenquero consultants. 330 $a"Bilingual speakers are normally aware of what language they are speaking or hearing; there is, however, no widely accepted consensus on the degree of lexical and morphosyntactic similarity that defines the psycholinguistic threshold of distinct languages. This book focuses on the Afro-Colombian creole language Palenquero, spoken in bilingual contact with its historical lexifier, Spanish. Although sharing largely cognate lexicons, the languages are in general not mutually intelligible. For example, Palenquero exhibits no adjective-noun or verb-subject agreement, uses pre-verbal tense-mood-aspect particles, and exhibits unbounded clause-final negation. The present study represents a first attempt at mapping the psycholinguistic boundaries between Spanish and Palenquero from the speakers' own perspective, including traditional native Palenquero speakers, adult heritage speakers, and young native Spanish speakers who are acquiring Palenquero as a second language. The latter group also provides insights into the possible cognitive cost of "de-activating" Spanish morphological agreement as well as the relative efficiency of pre-verbal vs. clause-final negation. In this study, corpus-based analyses are combined with an array of interactive experimental techniques, demonstrating that externally-imposed classifications do not always correspond to speakers' own partitioning of language usage in their communities"--$cProvided by publisher. 606 $aCreole dialects, Spanish$zColombia$zSan Basilio del Palenque 615 0$aCreole dialects, Spanish 676 $a467.9861 700 $aLipski$b John M.$0221493 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910824514703321 996 $aPalenquero and Spanish in contact$93988263 997 $aUNINA