LEADER 06007nam 2200673 a 450 001 9910824056703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-281-30752-1 010 $a9786611307523 010 $a92-4-068230-9 035 $a(CKB)1000000000533690 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000136952 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11144308 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000136952 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10084914 035 $a(PQKB)10600756 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC305217 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL305217 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10214523 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL130752 035 $a(OCoLC)476082558 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000533690 100 $a20081023d2006 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDermal absorption /$ffirst draft prepared by Janet Kielhorn, Stephanie Melching-Kollmuss, and Inge Mangelsdorf 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aGeneva $cWorld Health Organization$d2006 215 $axix, 197 p. $cill 225 1 $aEnvironmental health criteria,$x0250-863X ;$v235 300 $a"Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals." 311 $a92-4-157235-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aIntro -- CONTENTS -- ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR DERMAL ABSORPTION -- PREAMBLE -- ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS -- 1. SUMMARY -- 2. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS -- 2.1 Scope of the document -- 2.2 Definition of dermal absorption -- 2.3 Factors influencing dermal absorption -- 3. SKIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- 3.1 Functions of the skin -- 3.2 Skin structure -- 3.3 The transport of chemicals through the skin -- 3.4 Variability in skin permeability -- 3.5 Reservoir effects -- 4. SKIN TRANSPORT MECHANISMS AND THEORETICAL CONCEPTS -- 4.1 Transport through the skin -- 4.2 Theoretical aspects of diffusion -- 4.3 Physicochemical factors affecting skin permeation -- 4.4 Concepts of finite and infinite dose -- 5. METABOLISM IN THE SKIN -- 5.1 The drug-metabolizing systems of the skin -- 5.2 Methodology for evaluating skin metabolism in in vitro systems -- 5.3 Effects of skin metabolism -- 5.4 Importance of metabolism for percutaneous absorption -- 6. IN VITRO TESTS FOR DERMAL ABSORPTION -- 6.1 Test guidelines -- 6.2 Principles of the standard in vitro tests using skin samples -- 6.3 Other in vitro methods -- 6.4 Examination of skin reservoir characteristics -- 6.5 Experimental factors affecting dermal absorption in vitro -- 7. IN VIVO TESTS FOR DERMAL ABSORPTION -- 7.1 Laboratory animal studies -- 7.2 Studies with human volunteers -- 7.3 Other methods -- 7.4 Factors affecting dermal absorption in vivo -- 8. COMPARATIVE STUDIES -- 8.1 Comparison between in vitro and in vivo skin absorption results -- 8.2 Inter-and intralaboratory variation in in vitro percutaneous absorption methodology -- 9. DATA COLLECTIONS -- 9.1 Data sets from homologous or closely related molecules -- 9.2 Flynn data set -- 9.3 Expanded permeability coefficient data sets -- 9.4 EDETOX database -- 9.5 Maximum flux databases -- 10. ESTIMATION/PREDICTION OF DERMAL PENETRATION. 327 $a10.1 QSAR analysis -- 10.2 Mathematicak modelling -- 10.3 Mathematical pharmacokinetic models of percutaneous penetration -- 11. USE OF DERMAL PENETRATION STUDIES IN RISK ASSESSMENT -- 11.1 Decision-making process for setting dermal absorption values -- 11.2 Use of relative absorption values versus flux (and their derived permeability coefficients) -- 11.3 Other topics related to risk assessment -- 12. CONTROVERSIAL TOPICS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF DERMAL ABSORPTION -- 12.1 QSARs/QSPeRs -- 12.2 Reduction of intralaboratory/interlaboratory variation -- 12.3 Consequences of reservoir effect for risk assessment -- 12.4 Relevance for percutaneous measurements to data required by risk assessors: finite and infinite exposures -- 12.5 Single-versus multiple-exposure regimes -- 12.6 Barrier integrity test for skin barries function of human skin in skin penetration tests -- 12.7 Dermal absorption in susceptible populations -- 12.8 Skin notation -- 12.9 Dermal absoprtion of nanoparticles -- 13. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX 1: GUIDELINES AND PROTOCOLS -- APPENDIX 2: PAST AND PRESENT INITIATIVES ON EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND HARMONIZATION OF METHODOLOGY ON DERMAL ABSORPTION -- RESUME -- RESUMEN. 330 $aThis new volume in the Environmental Health Criteria Series presents an overview of dermal absorption and its consideration in the risk assessment of chemicals. It describes the methods available to assess dermal absorption, the significance of skin as a route of exposure and the interpretation of results of dermal absorption studies for risk assessment. In addition, it presents and discusses current topics of interest in the field of dermal absorption. This book will be useful to biology and toxicology scientists and researchers, as well as to regulatory authorities and the chemical industry. 410 0$aEnvironmental health criteria ;$v235. 606 $aSkin absorption 606 $aHazardous substances$xRisk assessment 615 0$aSkin absorption. 615 0$aHazardous substances$xRisk assessment. 676 $a612/.79 700 $aKielhorn$b J$01695004 701 $aMelching-Kollmuss$b Stephanie$01695005 701 $aMangelsdorf$b I$01695006 712 02$aWorld Health Organization. 712 02$aInternational Labour Organisation. 712 02$aInter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. 712 02$aInternational Program on Chemical Safety. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910824056703321 996 $aDermal absorption$94073956 997 $aUNINA