LEADER 06767nam 2200877Ia 450 001 9910823941003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-107-22097-1 010 $a1-139-20960-4 010 $a1-280-48505-1 010 $a9786613580030 010 $a1-139-22248-1 010 $a1-139-21767-4 010 $a1-139-21459-4 010 $a1-139-22419-0 010 $a1-139-22076-4 010 $a0-511-97743-3 035 $a(CKB)2670000000140288 035 $a(EBL)833441 035 $a(OCoLC)794307424 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000613945 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11931529 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000613945 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10604419 035 $a(PQKB)11322155 035 $a(UkCbUP)CR9780511977435 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC833441 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL833441 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10533297 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL358003 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000140288 100 $a20101012d2011 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aNon-Muslims in the early Islamic Empire $efrom surrender to coexistence /$fMilka Levy-Rubin 210 $aNew York $cCambridge University Press$d2011 215 $a1 online resource (xv, 267 pages) $cdigital, PDF file(s) 225 1 $aCambridge studies in Islamic civilization 300 $aTitle from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015). 311 $a1-107-00433-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Non-Muslims in the Early Islamic Empire; Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Illustrations; Preface; Introduction; HISTORY OF RESEARCH; Goals of the Present Research; The Structure of the Book; 1. The Roots and Authenticity of the Surrender Agreements in the Seventh Century; TREATIES BEFORE THE MUSLIM CONQUEST; Treaties with the Sasanians; Treaties with the Barbarians and the Arabs; Barbarians; Arabs; LOCAL SURRENDER AGREEMENTS DURING THE ROMANAND BYZANTINE PERIOD 327 $aThe Position of the Cities in the East during the Hostilities between the Romans and the SasaniansThe History of Surrender Agreements Made by Cities Prior to the Muslim Conquest; SURRENDER AGREEMENTS MADE FOLLOWING THE MUSLIM CONQUEST; The Terminology; Aman; Baqt; The Verb qata' a 'ala; The Procedure of Surrendering; Actual Copies of the Agreements; The Structure of the Agreements; The Characteristics of the Agreements; Formulae of Oaths; The Stipulations; Detailed Agreements; Payments and Gifts Accompanying Surrender; CONCLUSION 327 $a2. Shurut 'Umar and Its Alternatives: The Legal Debate over the Status of the DhimmisTHE DATING AND THE FORMATION OF SHURUT 'UMAR; LEGAL DISCUSSIONS THROUGHOUT THE EIGHTH AND NINTH CENTURIES; THE COMPOSITION OF THE GENERAL SULH DOCUMENTS; CONCLUSION; 3. The Date and the Ideology of the Ghiyar Code; THE SOURCES REGARDING 'UMAR B. 'ABD AL- 'AZIZ'S EDICT; THE IDEOLOGY BEHIND THE EDICT; THE DATE OF THE ADOPTION OF IRANIAN DRESS CODES; 4. The Enforcement of Shurut 'Umar; RESTRICTIONS UPON THE DHIMMI S PRIOR TO AL-MUTAWAKKIL; THE RESTRICTIONS ISSUED BY AL-MUTAWAKKIL 327 $aTHE LONG-LASTING ENFORCEMENT OF AL-MUTAWAKKIL'S RESTRICTIONS5. The Provenance of the Modes of Subordination of Non-Muslims; THE STATUS OF MINORITIES IN ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN SOCIETIES; THE STATUS OF MINORITIES IN THE BYZANTINE AND SASANIAN EMPIRES; Jews in Byzantine Society; Non-Zoroastrians in Sasanian Society; MUSLIM AND PRE-MUSLIM MODES OF SUBORDINATION COMPARED; Byzantine and Sasanian Precedents to Muslim Law Regarding Non-Muslims; Rules Regarding Non-Muslims that Cannot Be Traced Back to Byzantine or Zoroastrian Law 327 $aTHE SASANIAN ORIGINS OF THE SOCIAL POSITION OF NON-MUSLIMSIN ISLAMICATE SOCIETYThe Rejection and Adoption of Royal Sasanian Manners and Status Symbols; The Dibirs and the Dihqans as Transmitters of Cultural and Social Concepts; THE IDEOLOGY OF THE IRANIAN CLASS SYSTEM; The Iranian Class System: Between Ethos and Reality; THE ADOPTION OF SASANIAN ARISTOCRATIC ETHOS BY THE MUSLIMS; The Status of Mawali in Early Muslim Society; The Dhimmis as a Social Stratum within Islamicate Society; The Concept of Ghiyar; The 'Unprecendented' Clauses of the Shurut as Part of the New Social Ethos 327 $aClause 5: The Obligation to Show Respect to Muslims and Give Them Priority in Seating (and on the Road) 330 $aThe Muslim conquest of the East in the seventh century entailed the subjugation of Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians and others. Although much has been written about the status of non-Muslims in the Islamic empire, no previous works have examined how the rules applying to minorities were formulated. Milka Levy-Rubin's remarkable book traces the emergence of these regulations from the first surrender agreements in the immediate aftermath of conquest to the formation of the canonic document called the Pact of 'Umar, which was formalized under the early 'Abbasids, in the first half of the ninth century. The study reveals that the conquered peoples themselves played a major role in the creation of these policies and that they were based on long-standing traditions, customs and institutions from earlier pre-Islamic cultures that originated in the worlds of both the conquerors and the conquered. In its connections to Roman, Byzantine and Sasanian traditions, the book will appeal to historians of Europe as well as Arabia and Persia. 410 0$aCambridge studies in Islamic civilization. 606 $aDhimmis (Islamic law)$xLegal status, laws, etc$zIslamic Empire$xHistory 606 $aReligious minorities$xLegal status, laws, etc$zIslamic Empire$xHistory 606 $aMinorities (Islamic law) 606 $aIslam and state$zIslamic Empire$xHistory 606 $aIslam and politics$zIslamic Empire$xHistory 606 $aReligious tolerance$zIslamic Empire$xHistory 607 $aIslamic Empire$xEthnic relations 607 $aIslamic Empire$xPolitics and government 615 0$aDhimmis (Islamic law)$xLegal status, laws, etc.$xHistory. 615 0$aReligious minorities$xLegal status, laws, etc.$xHistory. 615 0$aMinorities (Islamic law) 615 0$aIslam and state$xHistory. 615 0$aIslam and politics$xHistory. 615 0$aReligious tolerance$xHistory. 676 $a305.60956/09021 686 $aHIS026000$2bisacsh 700 $aLevy-Rubin$b Milka$f1955-$01678964 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910823941003321 996 $aNon-Muslims in the early Islamic Empire$94046928 997 $aUNINA