LEADER 03358oam 22004452 450 001 9910481030503321 005 20190826145055.0 010 $a90-04-39427-3 024 7 $a10.1163/9789004394278 035 $a(CKB)4910000000122234 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5652183 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789004394278 035 $a(EXLCZ)994910000000122234 100 $a20181120d2019 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aIntroduction to the Finnish educational system /$fedited by Merja Paksuniemi and Pigga Keskitalo 210 1$aLeiden ;$aBoston, MA :$cBrill Sense,$d[2019] 215 $a1 online resource (116 pages) 311 $a90-04-39428-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $tFront Matter -- $tList of Figures and Tables -- $tNotes on Contributors -- $tIntroduction /$rMerja Paksuniemi and Pigga Keskitalo -- $tMilestones of Basic Education in Finland /$rOtso Kortekangas , Merja Paksuniemi and Heikki Ervast -- $tTracing Inclusive Education and its Prerequisites in the Finnish Education System -- $tFinnish Vocational Education and Training in Transition -- $tInitial Teacher Education at the University of Lapland /$rOuti Kyrö-ämmälä -- $tIntroduction to Sámi Education -- $tImmigrant Students in the Finnish Educational System -- $tPromoting Multiliteracy in the Finnish Educational System. 330 $aOver the last decade, Finland?s educational system has become internationally recognised. Different countries have shown an interest in learning about the Finnish education system to gain a better understanding of how education is developed, planned and executed in that country. The Introduction to the Finnish Educational System aims to describe how the education system in Finland was built and what kind of aspects influence learning and teaching today. The authors of the chapters are academics and experts in the fields of teacher education or vocational education. The book presents a review of the historical and current aspects of the educational system of Finland. As such, it describes the learning path from compulsory education to vocational education and primary school teacher education, which is one of the main focuses of the Faculty of Education at the University of Lapland. Each chapter is based on its authors? research results, which are adapted for inclusion in this book. It answers an international call to provide an in-depth description of the National Finnish Education System from its beginning to today and to discuss the practical implications of these measures. Contributors are: Heikki Ervast, Marjaana Kangas, Pigga Keskitalo, Otso Kortekangas, Minna Körkkö, Outi Kyrö-Ämmälä, Pertti Lakkala, Suvi Lakkala, Merja Paksuniemi, Rauna Rahko-Ravantti, Päivi Rasi, and Heli Ruokamo. 606 $aEducation$zFinland 606 $aEducation$zFinland$xHistory 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aEducation 615 0$aEducation$xHistory. 676 $a370.94897 702 $aPaksuniemi$b Merja 702 $aKeskitalo$b Pigga$f1972- 801 0$bNL-LeKB 801 1$bNL-LeKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910481030503321 996 $aIntroduction to the Finnish educational system$92107379 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05646nam 2200697 450 001 9910823563103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-08-101591-7 010 $a0-12-800434-7 035 $a(CKB)2670000000578335 035 $a(EBL)1873126 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001411481 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11872948 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001411481 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11401700 035 $a(PQKB)10042137 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1873126 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10992101 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL665383 035 $a(OCoLC)903674185 035 $a(NjHacI)992670000000578335 035 $a(CaSebORM)9780080999692 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1873126 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000578335 100 $a20141209h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aHSPA Evolution : The Fundamentals for Mobile Broadband $ethe fundamentals for mobile broadband /$fPeter von Wrycza 205 $a1st edition 210 1$aLondon, [England] ;$aSan Diego, California :$cAcademic Press,$d2015. 210 4$d©2015 215 $a1 online resource (561 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-322-34101-X 311 $a0-08-099969-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Preface; Acknowledgments; Part I - Introduction; Chapter 1 - From 3G to 4G: background and motivation of 3G evolution; 1.1 - History and background of 3G; 1.1.1 - Before 3G; 1.1.2 - Research on 3G; 1.1.3 - 3G standardization roots; 1.2 - Standardization; 1.2.1 - The standardization process; 1.2.2 - 3GPP; 1.2.3 - IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced activities in ITU; 1.3 - Spectrum for 3G and systems beyond 3G; 1.4 - The motivations behind continuing HSPA evolution; 1.4.1 - General driving forces 327 $a1.4.1.1 - Technology advancements1.4.1.2 - Services; 1.4.1.3 - User expectations; 1.4.1.4 - Operator business models; 1.4.1.5 - Cost; 1.4.2 - HSPA-specific evolution drivers and philosophy; References; Part II - Technologies for HSPA; Chapter 2 - High data rates in mobile communication; 2.1 - High data rates: Fundamental constraints; 2.1.1 - High data rates in noise-limited scenarios; 2.1.2 - Higher data rates in interference-limited scenarios; 2.2 - Higher data rates within a limited bandwidth: Higher-order modulation; 2.2.1 - Higher-order modulation in combination with channel coding 327 $a2.2.2 - Variations in instantaneous transmit power2.3 - Wider bandwidth including multi-carrier transmission; 2.3.1 - Multi-carrier transmission; References; Chapter 3 - CDMA transmission principles; 3.1 - Spread spectrum basics; 3.2 - Baseband transmitter model for a CDMA system; 3.3 - Spread spectrum in a real propagation environment; 3.4 - Receiver and equalization strategies; 3.4.1 - Time-domain linear equalization; References; Chapter 4 - Multi-antenna techniques; 4.1 - Multi-antenna configurations; 4.2 - Benefits of multi-antenna techniques; 4.3 - Multiple receive antennas 327 $a4.4 - Multiple transmit antennas4.4.1 - Transmit-antenna diversity; 4.4.1.1 - Delay diversity; 4.4.1.2 - Diversity by means of space-time coding; 4.4.2 - Transmitter-side beamforming; 4.5 - Spatial multiplexing; 4.5.1 - Basic principles; 4.5.2 - Precoder-based spatial multiplexing; 4.5.3 - Nonlinear receiver processing; References; Chapter 5 - Scheduling, link adaptation, and hybrid-ARQ; 5.1 - Link adaptation: power and rate control; 5.2 - Channel-dependent scheduling; 5.2.1 - Downlink scheduling; 5.2.2 - Uplink scheduling 327 $a5.2.3 - Link adaptation and channel-dependent scheduling in the frequency domain5.2.4 - Acquiring channel-state information; 5.2.5 - Traffic behavior and scheduling; 5.3 - Retransmission schemes; 5.4 - Hybrid-ARQ with soft combining; References; Part III - HSPA and its evolution; Chapter 6 - Overview of release 99 WCDMA; 6.1 - System architecture; 6.2 - Protocol architecture; 6.3 - Physical layer; downlink; 6.4 - Physical layer; uplink; 6.5 - Resource handling and packet-data session; 6.6 - UE RRC states and state transitions; References; Further Reading; Chapter 7 - Introduction to HSPA 327 $a7.1 - HSPA emerges from WCDMA: Fundamental building blocks 330 $a This book is essential reading for those wishing to obtain a systems perspective and a broad view on the background, performance and application of the latest developments in HSPA in the context of the demands on today's mobile broadband devices and networks. It takes the reader behind the scenes of 3GPP and provides an easily accessible understanding of the basic principles, the latest steps in the standard's evolution, and the motivations behind the development of standardized features. It covers important topics such as smartphone related features, multi-carrier and multi-antenna operation 606 $aBroadband communication systems$xStandards 606 $aMobile communication systems$xStandards 606 $aNetwork performance (Telecommunication) 615 0$aBroadband communication systems$xStandards. 615 0$aMobile communication systems$xStandards. 615 0$aNetwork performance (Telecommunication) 676 $a621.38456 700 $aChapman$b Thomas$0829533 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910823563103321 996 $aHSPA Evolution : The Fundamentals for Mobile Broadband$93963438 997 $aUNINA