LEADER 04730oam 22006615 450 001 9910823205703321 005 20240314003225.0 010 $a0-8213-9809-1 024 7 $a10.1596/978-0-8213-9703-9 035 $a(CKB)2550000001094906 035 $a(OCoLC)849246995 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10732002 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000916790 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12461134 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000916790 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10891763 035 $a(PQKB)11549038 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1224987 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1224987 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10732002 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL501816 035 $a(OCoLC)854974321 035 $a(The World Bank)17562563 035 $a(US-djbf)17562563 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001094906 100 $a20121213d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aEnterprising women : $eexpanding economic opportunities in africa /$fMary Hallward-Driemeier 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cWorld Bank,$d2013. 215 $apages cm 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-8213-9703-6 311 $a1-299-70565-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPart I. Where women and men work -- 1. Self-employed, employers, and wage earners in the formal and informal sectors -- 2. The size, formality, and industry of enterprises -- Part II. Why women work where they do -- 3. Country patterns in income, human capital, and assets affect where women work -- 4. Sorting into entrepreneurial activities: individual patterns -- Part III. How women perform--and the constraints they face -- 5. Sorting drives gender gaps in productivity and profits -- 6. After sorting, constraints depend on the type of enterprise -- Part IV. Shifting women to more productive work -- 7. Increasing the right to own and control assets -- 8. Expanding women's access to finance -- 9. Enriching managerial and financial skills -- 10. Strengthening women's voices in business environment reforms -- 11. Toward an action agenda. 330 $aThis book brings together new household and enterprise data from 41 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to inform policy makers and practitioners on ways to expand women entrepreneurs’ economic opportunities. Sub-Saharan Africa boasts the highest share of women entrepreneurs, but they are disproportionately concentrated among the self-employed rather than employers. Relative to men, women are pursuing lower opportunity activities, with their enterprises more likely to be smaller, informal, and in low value-added lines of business. The challenge in expanding opportunities is not helping more women become entrepreneurs but enabling them to shift to higher return activities. A central question addressed in the book is what explains the gender sorting in the types of enterprises that women and men run? The analysis shows that many Sub-Saharan countries present a challenging environment for women. Four key areas of the agenda for expanding women’s economic opportunities in Africa are analyzed: strengthening women’s property rights and their ability to control assets; improving women’s access to finance; building human capital in business skills and networks; and strengthening women’s voices in business environment reform. These areas are important both because they have wide gender gaps and because they help explain gender differences in entrepreneurial activities. It is particularly striking that while gender gaps in education tend to close with higher incomes, gaps in women’s property rights and in women’s participation in reform processes do not. As simply raising a country’s income is unlikely to be sufficient to give women equal ability to control assets or have greater voice, more proactive steps will be needed. Practical guidelines to move the agenda forward are discussed for each of these key areas. 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aWomen$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan$xEconomic conditions 606 $aWomen$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan$xSocial conditions 606 $aBusinesswomen$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 606 $aWomen$xEmployment$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 615 0$aWomen$xEconomic conditions. 615 0$aWomen$xSocial conditions. 615 0$aBusinesswomen 615 0$aWomen$xEmployment 676 $a331.4096 700 $aHallward-Driemeier$b Mary$f1966-$01494918 801 0$bIEN/DLC 801 1$bIEN 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910823205703321 996 $aEnterprising women$94012263 997 $aUNINA