LEADER 05362oam 2200865Ka 450 001 9910822859403321 005 20190503073414.0 010 $a0-262-31654-4 010 $a0-262-31653-6 035 $a(CKB)2550000001112817 035 $a(EBL)3339659 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000984164 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11589530 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000984164 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11011519 035 $a(PQKB)10576460 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3339659 035 $a(CaBNVSL)mat06642238 035 $a(IDAMS)0b00006481f1a637 035 $a(IEEE)6642238 035 $a(OCoLC)856929636$z(OCoLC)858601675$z(OCoLC)961574989$z(OCoLC)983211876$z(OCoLC)1055372524$z(OCoLC)1066405724$z(OCoLC)1081275827 035 $a(OCoLC-P)856929636 035 $a(MaCbMITP)9234 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3339659 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10747530 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL512697 035 $a(OCoLC)856929636 035 $a(PPN)258499109 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001112817 100 $a20130826d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aArguments that count $ephysics, computing, and missile defense, 1949-2012 /$fRebecca Slayton 210 $aCambridge, Massachusetts $cThe MIT Press$d[2013] 215 $a1 online resource (338 p.) 225 0 $aInside technology 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-262-01944-2 311 $a1-299-81446-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aSoftware and the Race against Surprise Attack -- Framing an "Appallingly Complex" System -- Complexity and the "Art or Evolving Science" of Software -- "No Technological Solution" -- What Crisis? Software in the "Safeguard" Debate -- The Politics of Complex Technology -- The Political Economy of Software Engineering -- Nature and Technology in the Star Wars Debate -- Conclusion: Complexity Unbound -- Unpublished Sources and Notations. 330 3 $a"In a rapidly changing world, we rely upon experts to assess the promise and risks of new technology. But how do these experts make sense of a highly uncertain future? In Arguments that Count, Rebecca Slayton offers an important new perspective. Drawing on new historical documents and interviews as well as perspectives in science and technology studies, she provides an original account of how scientists came to terms with the unprecedented threat of nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). She compares how two different professional communities -- physicists and computer scientists -- constructed arguments about the risks of missile defense, and how these arguments changed over time. Slayton shows that our understanding of technological risks is shaped by disciplinary repertoires -- the codified knowledge and mathematical rules that experts use to frame new challenges. And, significantly, a new repertoire can bring long-neglected risks into clear view.In the 1950s, scientists recognized that high-speed computers would be needed to cope with the unprecedented speed of ICBMs. But the nation's elite science advisors had no way to analyze the risks of computers so used physics to assess what they could: radar and missile performance. Only decades later, after establishing computing as a science, were advisors able to analyze authoritatively the risks associated with complex software -- most notably, the risk of a catastrophic failure. As we continue to confront new threats, including that of cyber attack, Slayton offers valuable insight into how different kinds of expertise can limit or expand our capacity to address novel technological risks." 410 0$aInside technology 606 $aNational security$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aNational security$zUnited States$xHistory$y21st century 606 $aBallistic missile defenses$zUnited States$xHistory 606 $aPhysicists$xPolitical activity$zUnited States$xHistory 606 $aComputer scientists$xPolitical activity$zUnited States$xHistory 606 $aPhysics$xPolitical aspects$zUnited States$xHistory 606 $aComputer science$xPolitical aspects$zUnited States$xHistory 606 $aTechnological complexity$xPolitical aspects$zUnited States$xHistory 606 $aSoftware engineering$xPolitical aspects$zUnited States$xHistory 607 $aUnited States$xMilitary policy 610 $aSCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/General 610 $aSCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/History of Technology 615 0$aNational security$xHistory 615 0$aNational security$xHistory 615 0$aBallistic missile defenses$xHistory. 615 0$aPhysicists$xPolitical activity$xHistory. 615 0$aComputer scientists$xPolitical activity$xHistory. 615 0$aPhysics$xPolitical aspects$xHistory. 615 0$aComputer science$xPolitical aspects$xHistory. 615 0$aTechnological complexity$xPolitical aspects$xHistory. 615 0$aSoftware engineering$xPolitical aspects$xHistory. 676 $a358.1/740973 700 $aSlayton$b Rebecca$f1974-$01645069 801 0$bOCoLC-P 801 1$bOCoLC-P 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910822859403321 996 $aArguments that count$93991310 997 $aUNINA