LEADER 04441nam 2200685Ia 450 001 9910822842203321 005 20230802012641.0 010 $a0-674-06513-1 010 $a0-674-06943-9 024 7 $a10.4159/harvard.9780674065130 035 $a(CKB)2560000000082512 035 $a(OCoLC)794004256 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10568029 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000659077 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11456362 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000659077 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10695152 035 $a(PQKB)10950947 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3301086 035 $a(DE-B1597)178184 035 $a(OCoLC)1013946011 035 $a(OCoLC)1037978468 035 $a(OCoLC)1041894648 035 $a(OCoLC)1046615853 035 $a(OCoLC)1046995406 035 $a(OCoLC)1049618973 035 $a(OCoLC)1054874592 035 $a(OCoLC)840441378 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674065130 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3301086 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10568029 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000082512 100 $a20111128d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aTerror in the Balkans$b[electronic resource] $eGerman armies and partisan warfare /$fBen Shepherd 210 $aCambridge, Mass. $cHarvard University Press$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (375 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-674-04891-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $t Frontmatter -- $tContents -- $tIntroduction -- $tChapter 1. Before the Great War -- $tChapter 2. Forging a Wartime Mentality -- $tChapter 3. Bridging Two Hells -- $tChapter 4. Invasion and Occupation -- $tChapter 5. Islands in an Insurgent Sea -- $tChapter 6. Settling Accounts in Blood -- $tChapter 7. Standing Divided -- $tChapter 8. Glimmers of Sanity -- $tChapter 9. The Morass -- $tChapter 10. The Devil's Division -- $tConclusion -- $tAppendixes. Abbreviations. Notes. Acknowledgments. Index -- $tAppendix A. Source References for Featured Officers -- $tAppendix B. Note on the Primary Sources -- $tAbbreviations -- $tNotes -- $tAcknowledgments -- $tIndex 330 $aGermany's 1941 seizure of Yugoslavia led to an insurgency as bloody as any in World War II. The Wehrmacht waged a brutal counter-insurgency campaign in response, and by 1943 German troops in Yugoslavia were engaged in operations that ranked among the largest of the entire European war. Their actions encompassed massive reprisal shootings, the destruction of entire villages, and huge mobile operations unleashed not just against insurgents but also against the civilian population believed to be aiding them. Terror in the Balkans explores the reasons behind the Wehrmacht's extreme security measures in southern and eastern Europe.Ben Shepherd focuses his study not on the high-ranking generals who oversaw the campaign but on lower-level units and their officers, a disproportionate number of whom were of Austrian origin. He uses Austro-Hungarian army records to consider how the personal experiences of many Austrian officers during the Great War played a role in brutalizing their behavior in Yugoslavia. A comparison of Wehrmacht counter-insurgency divisions allows Shepherd to analyze how a range of midlevel commanders and their units conducted themselves in different parts of Yugoslavia, and why. Shepherd concludes that the Wehrmacht campaign's violence was driven not just by National Socialist ideology but also by experience of the fratricidal infighting of Yugoslavia's ethnic groups, by conditions on the ground, and by doctrines that had shaped the military mindsets of both Germany and Austria since the late nineteenth century. He also considers why different Wehrmacht units exhibited different degrees of ruthlessness and restraint during the campaign. 606 $aWorld War, 1939-1945$zYugoslavia 606 $aWorld War, 1939-1945$xUnderground movements$zYugoslavia 607 $aYugoslavia$xHistory$yAxis occupation, 1941-1945 615 0$aWorld War, 1939-1945 615 0$aWorld War, 1939-1945$xUnderground movements 676 $a940.53/497 700 $aShepherd$b Ben$0912469 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910822842203321 996 $aTerror in the Balkans$93913558 997 $aUNINA