LEADER 03755nam 22007094a 450 001 9910969614403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a9786612426483 010 $a9781282426481 010 $a1282426486 010 $a9780226292144 010 $a0226292142 024 7 $a10.7208/9780226292144 035 $a(CKB)2550000000000048 035 $a(EBL)471866 035 $a(OCoLC)527702823 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000342679 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11258825 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000342679 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10287937 035 $a(PQKB)10752309 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0000122511 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC471866 035 $a(DE-B1597)523913 035 $a(OCoLC)824156034 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780226292144 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL471866 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10349989 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL242648 035 $a(Perlego)1852109 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000000048 100 $a20060124d2006 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aScientific perspectivism /$fRonald N. Giere 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aChicago $cUniversity of Chicago Press$d2006 215 $a1 online resource (170 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9780226292137 311 08$a0226292134 311 08$a9780226292120 311 08$a0226292126 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [137]-146) and index. 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tCONTENTS -- $tList of Illustrations -- $tAcknowledgments -- $t1. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE -- $t2. COLOR VISION -- $t3. SCIENTIFIC OBSERVING -- $t4. SCIENTIFIC THEORIZING -- $t5. PERSPECTIVAL KNOWLEDGE AND DISTRIBUTED COGNITION -- $tNotes -- $tReferences -- $tIndex 330 $aMany people assume that the claims of scientists are objective truths. But historians, sociologists, and philosophers of science have long argued that scientific claims reflect the particular historical, cultural, and social context in which those claims were made. The nature of scientific knowledge is not absolute because it is influenced by the practice and perspective of human agents. Scientific Perspectivism argues that the acts of observing and theorizing are both perspectival, and this nature makes scientific knowledge contingent, as Thomas Kuhn theorized forty years ago. Using the example of color vision in humans to illustrate how his theory of "perspectivism" works, Ronald N. Giere argues that colors do not actually exist in objects; rather, color is the result of an interaction between aspects of the world and the human visual system. Giere extends this argument into a general interpretation of human perception and, more controversially, to scientific observation, conjecturing that the output of scientific instruments is perspectival. Furthermore, complex scientific principles-such as Maxwell's equations describing the behavior of both the electric and magnetic fields-make no claims about the world, but models based on those principles can be used to make claims about specific aspects of the world. Offering a solution to the most contentious debate in the philosophy of science over the past thirty years, Scientific Perspectivism will be of interest to anyone involved in the study of science. 606 $aScience$xPhilosophy 606 $aScience$xHistory 615 0$aScience$xPhilosophy. 615 0$aScience$xHistory. 676 $a501 700 $aGiere$b Ronald N$044453 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910969614403321 996 $aScientific perspectivism$94359597 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05714nam 2200793 a 450 001 9910822447903321 005 20240516003917.0 010 $a9781118580004 010 $a1118580001 010 $a9781118580127 010 $a1118580125 010 $a9781118580134 010 $a1118580133 010 $a9781299186903 010 $a1299186904 035 $a(CKB)2550000001005872 035 $a(EBL)1124028 035 $a(OCoLC)828299032 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000990662 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11539567 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000990662 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10987935 035 $a(PQKB)10600685 035 $a(OCoLC)834544285 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3058885 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1124028 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3058885 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10658442 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL449940 035 $a(OCoLC)860528082 035 $a(Perlego)1002789 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001005872 100 $a20120925d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aAnalysis of reliability and quality control /$fAmmar Grous 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aLondon $cISTE ;$aHoboken, N.J. $cWiley$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (273 p.) 225 0 $aFracture mechanics ;$v1 225 0 $aMechanical engineering and solid mechanics series 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781848214408 311 08$a1848214405 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aTitle Page; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1. Elements of Analysis of Reliability and Quality Control; 1.1. Introduction; 1.1.1. The importance of true physical acceleration life models (accelerated tests = true acceleration or acceleration); 1.1.2. Expression for linear acceleration relationships; 1.2. Fundamental expression of the calculation of reliability; 1.3. Continuous uniform distribution; 1.3.1. Distribution function of probabilities (density of probability); 1.3.2. Distribution function; 1.4. Discrete uniform distribution (discrete U); 1.5. Triangular distribution 327 $a1.5.1. Discrete triangular distribution version1.5.2. Continuous triangular law version; 1.5.3. Links with uniform distribution; 1.6. Beta distribution; 1.6.1. Function of probability density; 1.6.2. Distribution function of cumulative probability; 1.6.3. Estimation of the parameters (p, q) of the beta distribution; 1.6.4. Distribution associated with beta distribution; 1.7. Normal distribution; 1.7.1. Arithmetic mean; 1.7.2. Reliability; 1.7.3. Stabilization and normalization of variance error; 1.8. Log-normal distribution (Galton); 1.9. The Gumbel distribution 327 $a1.9.1. Random variable according to the Gumbel distribution (CRV, E1 Maximum)1.9.2. Random variable according to the Gumbel distribution (CRV E1 Minimum); 1.10. The Frechet distribution (E2 Max); 1.11. The Weibull distribution (with three parameters); 1.12. The Weibull distribution (with two parameters); 1.12.1. Description and common formulae for the Weibull distribution and its derivatives; 1.12.2. Areas where the extreme value distribution model can be used; 1.12.3. Risk model; 1.12.4. Products of damage; 1.13. The Birnbaum-Saunders distribution 327 $a1.13.1. Derivation and use of the Birnbaum-Saunders model1.14. The Cauchy distribution; 1.14.1. Probability density function; 1.14.2. Risk function; 1.14.3. Cumulative risk function; 1.14.4. Survival function (reliability); 1.14.5. Inverse survival function; 1.15. Rayleigh distribution; 1.16. The Rice distribution (from the Rayleigh distribution); 1.17. The Tukey-lambda distribution; 1.18. Student's (t) distribution; 1.18.1. t-Student's inverse cumulative function law (T); 1.19. Chi-square distribution law (?2); 1.19.1. Probability distribution function of chi-square law (?2) 327 $a1.19.2. Probability distribution function of chi-square law (?2)1.20. Exponential distribution; 1.20.1. Example of applying mechanics to component lifespan; 1.21. Double exponential distribution (Laplace); 1.21.1. Estimation of the parameters; 1.21.2. Probability density function; 1.21.3. Cumulated distribution probability function; 1.22. Bernoulli distribution; 1.23. Binomial distribution; 1.24. Polynomial distribution; 1.25. Geometrical distribution; 1.25.1. Hypergeometric distribution (the Pascal distribution) versus binomial distribution 327 $a1.26. Hypergeometric distribution (the Pascal distribution) 330 $a This first book of a 3-volume set on Fracture Mechanics is mainly centered on the vast range of the laws of statistical distributions encountered in various scientific and technical fields. These laws are indispensable in understanding the probability behavior of components and mechanical structures that are exploited in the other volumes of this series, which are dedicated to reliability and quality control.The author presents not only the laws of distribution of various models but also the tests of adequacy suited to confirm or counter the hypothesis of the law in question, namely t 410 0$aMechanical engineering and solid mechanics series. 606 $aProduction management$xQuality control 606 $aReliability (Engineering) 615 0$aProduction management$xQuality control. 615 0$aReliability (Engineering) 676 $a620.0045 700 $aGrous$b Ammar$0889240 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910822447903321 996 $aAnalysis of reliability and quality control$94049815 997 $aUNINA