LEADER 12894nam 2200733 a 450 001 9910821396303321 005 20240417020948.0 010 $a1-84964-081-5 010 $a0-585-42658-9 035 $a(CKB)111056486518394 035 $a(StDuBDS)AH22933385 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000517518 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12159120 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000517518 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10488131 035 $a(PQKB)10952592 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000122730 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11133501 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000122730 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10130820 035 $a(PQKB)11298366 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3386116 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3386116 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10015421 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL987604 035 $a(OCoLC)50825297 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111056486518394 100 $a20000224d2000 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aCivil resistance in Kosovo /$fHoward Clark 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aLondon ;$aSterling, Va. :$cPluto Press,$d2000. 215 $a1 online resource (xx, 266 pages) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a0-7453-1569-0 311 0 $a0-7453-1574-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 258-261) and index. 327 $aIntro -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Maps -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Brief Chronology -- Background on Kosovo -- Introduction -- 1 When a dam breaks -- The demographic battlefield: 1912-66 -- After the fall of Rankovic ´ -- The rising swell of nationalism -- Milosevic mobilises -- Lazar's curse: Whoever does not fight at Kosovo -- 2 The Albanians in Kosovo -- The Ottoman Empire -- The First World War and the First Yugoslavia -- The Second World War -- A resistant culture -- Tito s Yugoslavia -- Everything but a republic -- 1981 and afterwards -- 3 The turn to nonviolence -- Miners defend autonomy -- An afterword on Communism in Kosovo -- The Party crumbles -- Organisation and pluralism -- The Campaign to Reconcile Blood Feuds -- Military realism -- Nonviolence in Kosovo Albanian identity -- 4 Two sovereignties -- A Serbian recipe for Albanian separatism -- Wholesale dismissals -- Police and paramilitary -- The contest for legitimacy -- The electoral boycott -- International support -- Independence: a maximalist goal? -- Police and paramilitary -- The contest for legitimacy -- The electoral boycott -- International support -- Independence: a maximalist goal? ? -- 5 Parallel structures -- Schools in struggle 96Open but illegal -- The University of Prishtina -- Funding education -- The lesson taught -- Medical care 106The media -- Arts and sport -- Economic survival -- Politics as if -- A state- in- embryo -- 6 Pointers for an alternative strategy -- The Dayton effect -- A framework for active nonviolence -- A strategy of empowerment -- Altering Serbian will -- Empowerment: women -- Empowerment: youth -- The student movement of 1997 98 -- 7 When the world takes notice -- Principles and interests -- In the absence of a peace process -- International solidarity takes time -- International support for peacebuilding. 327 $aThe crisis erupts -- OSCE too little, , too late -- NATO bombs for credibility -- 8 Reflections on civil resistance -- The balance sheet on civil resistance -- Victim behaviour and nonviolence -- Leader syndromes -- Goals and transitions -- Civil resistance and conflict resolution 206Early warning, civil resistance and small nations -- Appendix I: Tables -- Appendix II: Notes on Terms, Pronunciation and Glossary -- Appendix III: Leading Characters -- Notes and References -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Select Bibliography -- Index -- Ackerman,Peter and Christopher Kruegler -- 191 -- 205-6 -- 210 -- active nonviolence -- 124 -- 129 -- 155 -- Agani,Fehmi -- 84 -- 119 -- 127 -- 143 -- 152 -- 160 -- 181 -- Albania -- attitudes to events in Kosovo, 55 -- denies military training 65 -- in Second World War 29-30 -- influence 119-20 -- normalisation of relations with Yugoslavia 40 -- pyramid crisis 126-8 -- support from 92 -- support from 101-2 -- support from 109 -- aids crushing of Kaçaks 28 -- foundation 26-7 -- and schools -- and schools 97 -- and schools 99-100 -- and UPSUP 152-3 -- Assembly of Kosovo -- 52 -- 72-73 -- 82 -- asylum seekers -- return of 172 -- return of 172 -- return of 173 -- return of 173 -- attack student demonstrations -- attack student demonstrations 154 -- attack student demonstrations 154 -- attack student demonstrations 156 -- attack student demonstrations 156 -- Badinter Commission 92-3 -- Balkan Peace Team -- 2 -- 142 -- 154 -- Balli Kombëtar [BK -Ballists] 29-30 -- Berisha,Sali [president of Albania[1992-97] -- 119-20 -- 123 -- 126 -- 127-8 -- 160 -- besa [vow] -- 33 -- 50 -- 61 -- 62 -- 63 -- Blood Feuds,Campaign to Reconcile -- 40 -- 60-4 -- 68 -- 117 -- 137-8 -- Bosnia-Herzegovina -- 4 -- 51 -- 80 -- 87. 327 $aBozur -- 51 -- 77-8 -- 227 n.40 -- BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] -- BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] 7 -- BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] 80 -- BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] 81 -- BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] 82 -- BSPK [Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova] 114 -- Bukoshi,Bujar [prime-minister-in-exile] -- 82 -- 90 -- 118 -- 126 -- Burrowes,Robert -- 130 -- 205-6 -- calls to openness on future and transitional 161-4 -- Catholic priests? memorandum[1930] -- 10-11 -- 34-5 -- Centre for Protection of Women and Children -- 146 -- 148-9 -- ceta/cetniks -- 10 -- 11 -- 27 -- civil resistance, defined 3 -- clan [fis] -- 32 -- 33 -- Committee of Serbs and Montenegrins [in Kosovo] -- 17 -- 18 -- Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe [CSCE] -- 87 -- 90-1 -- 93 -- 95 -- 109 -- 120 -- 163 -- conscription -- 25 -- 27 -- 43 -- 228 n.1 -- evasion and resistance 79 -- evasion and resistance 101 -- evasion and resistance 140 -- evasion and resistance 245 n.39 -- Paracin incident 18-19 -- bullying of conscripts 58 -- constitutional status of Kosovo -- 15 -- 39-40 -- 73 -- 92-4 -- Council for the Defence of Human Rights and Freedoms[CDHRF] -- 1 -- 3 -- 55 -- 59 -- 61 -- 74 -- 79 -- 96 -- 100 -- Croatia -- 3 -- 4 -- 43 -- 51 -- 80 -- 87 -- 93 -- 108 -- 213 -- second front proposal 64 -- second front proposal 234 n.56 -- Radio Zagreb 101 -- Radio Zagreb 101 -- Radio Zagreb 109 -- Radio Zagreb 109 -- Cubrilovic,Vaso -- 10-11 -- 12 -- 77 -- 188 -- Dayton Accords -- 122 -- 160 -- Demaçi,Adem -- and PPK 125 -- Balkania 162 -- Balkania 177 -- hunger strike 109 -- political prisoner 38 -- political prisoner 73 -- and CDHRF 85 -- and nonviolence 57 -- and nonviolence 60 -- and Serbian opposition 126 -- criticises LDK 118. 327 $acriticises LDK 123 -- criticises LDK 125 -- criticises LDK 128 -- criticises LDK 129 -- criticises LDK 175 -- supports youth 150 -- supports youth 152 -- demographic issues -- birth rate 11 -- birth rate 11 -- birth rate 19 -- birth rate 19 -- birth rate 35-6 -- birth rate 35-6 -- birth rate 45 -- birth rate 45 -- birth rate 72 -- birth rate 72 -- birth rate 75 -- birth rate 75 -- birth rate 235 n.3 -- birth rate 235 n.3 -- repatriation 8 -- repatriation 10-12 -- repatriation 37-8 -- repatriation 78 -- emigration [Albanian] 15 -- emigration [Albanian] 36 -- emigration [Serbian] 12 -- emigration [Serbian] 13-15 -- emigration [Serbian] 17-18 -- emigration [Serbian] 112 -- emigration [Serbian] 139 -- Slav settlers 8-10 -- Slav settlers 11 -- Slav settlers 72 -- dialogue -- 69 -- 120 -- 136 -- 141-3 -- 164 -- 207-10 -- diaspora -- 57 -- 64 -- 89 -- 90 -- 110 -- 113 -- 133 -- 168 -- dismissals mass -- 59 -- 73 -- 74-7 -- 96-7 -- 101 -- 106 -- Dobruna,Vjosa -- 146 -- 149 -- Drenica armed clashes -- build-up of forces 172 -- massacres 173-5 -- massacres 173-5 -- massacres 177-8 -- massacres 177-8 -- Durham,Edith -- 9 -- 27 -- economy of Kosovo -- survival strategies 113-5 -- [before 14 -- [before 37 -- [before 39 -- [before 41 -- [before 44 -- [before 51 -- strategic vacuum and potential 114-5 -- strategic vacuum and potential 114-5 -- strategic vacuum and potential 135-6 -- strategic vacuum and potential 135-6 -- strategic vacuum and potential 164 -- strategic vacuum and potential 164 -- strategic vacuum and potential 167-8 -- strategic vacuum and potential 167-8 -- economy of Yugoslavia 4 -- education/schooling [Albanian] -- denied 10 -- denied 32 -- denied 34 -- impact of 38 -- impact of 62 -- impact of 66 -- negotiations 93-4 -- negotiations 124-5 -- negotiations 157 -- negotiations 162. 327 $aof girls 35 -- of girls 99 -- organised 32 -- organised 34-5 -- protests on education 96 -- protests on education 96 -- protests on education 97 -- protests on education 97 -- protests on education 98 -- protests on education 98 -- protests on education 124-5 -- protests on education 124-5 -- protests on education 151-7 -- protests on education 151-7 -- clampdown 96-7 -- demanded 25 -- demanded 28 -- parallel 96-100 -- parallel 104-5 -- parallel 117 -- parallel 120 -- parallel 135 -- parallel 170 -- provision for 35 -- provision for 37 -- provision for 39 -- elections -- boycott of Serbian and federal 84-9 -- parallel 83 -- parallel 83 -- parallel 89 -- parallel 89 -- parallel 117 -- parallel 117 -- parallel 124 -- parallel 124 -- parallel 172 -- parallel 172 -- empowerment -- empowerment 116-7 -- empowerment 116-7 -- empowerment 130-2 -- empowerment 130-2 -- empowerment 145 -- empowerment 145 -- empowerment 151 -- empowerment 151 -- ethnic key system -- 12 -- 14 -- 45 -- 166 -- European Parliament 90 -- European Union/European Community -- 92-3 -- 120 -- 123 -- 160 -- 164 -- family -- 33-4 -- 146 -- 203 -- final status -- n.12 -- 162 -- 249 -- First World War -- 10 -- 26-7 -- flag [Albanian] -- 13 -- 30 -- 38 -- 39 -- 62 -- For Democracy,Against Violence petition -- 57-8 -- 81 -- 89 -- 134 -- 195 -- 200 -- Forum for Ethnic Relations[Belgrade] -- 96 -- 204 -- Gandhi,Mohandas K. -- 6 -- 115 -- 122 -- 134 -- 135-9 -- 206-7 -- Gandhian nonviolence -- 67 -- 69 -- 135-8 -- 206 -- government-in-exile -- 82 -- 90 -- 103 -- Hartsough,David -- 154 -- 202 n.28 -- 248 n.72 -- health service -- care, 8 -- care, 8 -- care, 170-1 -- care, 170-1 -- personnel 75 -- personnel 106 -- Helsinki Committee [Belgrade,Prishtina and International Helsinki Federation] -- 96 -- 142-3 -- house arrest 184. 327 $aHumanitarian Law Centre/Fund Belgrade]. 330 $bThe world woke up to the conflict between Serbs and Kosovo Albanians too late - when Kosovo erupted into full-scale war in the spring of 1999. But many Balkans watchers were surprised war in Kosovo did not happen sooner. In Civil Resistance in Kosovo, Howard Clark argues that war had been avoided previously because of the self-restraint exercised by the Kosovo Albanians and their policy of nonviolence. Prior to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)'s taking up of arms, Kosovo Albanians had had a long history of civil resistance in the face of Serbian ultra-nationalism. They were committed to a strategy of nonviolent resistance even as they were harassed by Serbian police, vilified in racial terms, and excluded from jobs, education and government benefits. Excluded from the 1995 Dayton Agreement, Kosovo became a breeding ground for frustration and ethnic strife, ultimately leading to war and the NATO bombings. The author traces the historical evolution of the Kosovo Albanians' struggle, from peaceful demonstrations to the KLA backlash, covering the 1980's to the present day. In assessing the achievements and limitations of nonviolence, Clark explains why the policy was ultimately abandoned and how it could have been made more effective. Importantly, this book draws on the lessons of Kosovo to provide suggestions for future peace-building. 606 $aAlbanians$zSerbia and Montenegro$zKosovo (Serbia)$xHistory 606 $aPassive resistance$zSerbia and Montenegro$zKosovo (Serbia) 606 $aKosovo War, 1998-1999 607 $aKosovo (Republic)$xHistory$y1980-2008 615 0$aAlbanians$xHistory. 615 0$aPassive resistance 615 0$aKosovo War, 1998-1999. 676 $a949.71 700 $aClark$b Howard$01139912 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910821396303321 996 $aCivil resistance in Kosovo$93914522 997 $aUNINA