LEADER 04683nam 2200637 450 001 9910821119103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-309-31710-X 010 $a0-309-31708-8 035 $a(CKB)3710000000493153 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001607430 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16317265 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001607430 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14895376 035 $a(PQKB)10788225 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5516465 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5516465 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11649068 035 $a(OCoLC)915729245 035 $a(PPN)193278537 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000493153 100 $a20190211d2015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 04$aThe growing gap in life expectancy by income $eimplications for federal programs and policy responses /$fCommittee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population -- Phase II [and three others] contributors 210 1$aWashington, District of Columbia :$cThe National Academies Press,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (xiv, 167 pages) $cillustrations 300 $a"The National Acagemies of Science, Engineering, Medicine"--Title page. 311 $a0-309-31707-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 147-155). 327 $aPopulation Aging in a Heterogeneous Society -- Growing Heterogeneity of the U.S. Population in Income and Life Expectancy -- Implications of Growing Heterogeneity -- Policy Responses to an Aging Population -- Conclusions -- Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members -- Appendix B: The Future Elderly Model: Technical Documentation 330 $a"The U.S. population is aging. Social Security projections suggest that between 2013 and 2050, the population aged 65 and over will almost double, from 45 million to 86 million. One key driver of population aging is ongoing increases in life expectancy. Average U.S. life expectancy was 67 years for males and 73 years for females five decades ago; the averages are now 76 and 81, respectively. It has long been the case that better-educated, higher-income people enjoy longer life expectancies than less-educated, lower-income people. The causes include early life conditions, behavioral factors (such as nutrition, exercise, and smoking behaviors), stress, and access to health care services, all of which can vary across education and income. Our major entitlement programs, Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income, have come to deliver disproportionately larger lifetime benefits to higher-income people because, on average, they are increasingly collecting those benefits over more years than others. This report studies the impact the growing gap in life expectancy has on the present value of lifetime benefits that people with higher or lower earnings will receive from major entitlement programs. The analysis presented in The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income goes beyond an examination of the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive estimates of how lifetime benefits are affected by the changing distribution of life expectancy. The report also explores, from a lifetime benefit perspective, how the growing gap in longevity affects traditional policy analyses of reforms to the nation?s leading entitlement programs. This in-depth analysis of the economic impacts of the longevity gap will inform debate and assist decision makers, economists, and researchers."--Publisher's description. 606 $aOlder people$zUnited States$xEconomic conditions 606 $aLife expectancy$xEconomic aspects$zUnited States 606 $aLife expectancy$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aPopulation aging$xEconomic aspects$zUnited States 606 $aBaby boom generation$xRetirement$xEconomic aspects$zUnited States 606 $aIncome distribution$zUnited States 615 0$aOlder people$xEconomic conditions. 615 0$aLife expectancy$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aLife expectancy$xGovernment policy 615 0$aPopulation aging$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aBaby boom generation$xRetirement$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aIncome distribution 676 $a305.260973 712 02$aNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.).$bCommittee on the Long-Run Macroeconomic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population -- Phase II, 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910821119103321 996 $aThe growing gap in life expectancy by income$94010770 997 $aUNINA