LEADER 06256nam 22007332 450 001 9910821116803321 005 20160201060152.0 010 $a1-107-23425-5 010 $a1-107-30123-8 010 $a1-107-25421-3 010 $a1-107-31406-2 010 $a1-107-30631-0 010 $a1-299-27632-6 010 $a1-107-31186-1 010 $a0-511-79428-2 010 $a1-107-30851-8 035 $a(CKB)2670000000336444 035 $a(EBL)1113045 035 $a(OCoLC)828302536 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000833869 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11436148 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000833869 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10936380 035 $a(PQKB)11168473 035 $a(UkCbUP)CR9780511794285 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1113045 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1113045 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10656316 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL458882 035 $a(PPN)182043037 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000336444 100 $a20100702d2013|||| uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aPhysics and dynamics of clouds and precipitation /$fPao K. Wang, University of Wisconsin, Madison$b[electronic resource] 210 1$aCambridge :$cCambridge University Press,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (xvi, 452 pages) $cdigital, PDF file(s) 300 $aTitle from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 01 Feb 2016). 311 $a1-107-00556-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Contents; Preface; 1 Observation of clouds; 1.1 Water vapor in the atmosphere; 1.2 Where do clouds occur in the atmosphere?; 1.3 Conventional classifications of clouds; 1.3.1 High clouds (base height greater than 6000 m); 1.3.2 Middle clouds (base height between 2000 and 6000 m); 1.3.3 Low clouds (base height lower than 2000 m); 1.3.4 Clouds with vertical development; 1.4 Precipitation; 1.5 Observing clouds from an aircraft; 1.6 Cloud classification according to the phase of water substance; 1.7 Remote-sensing techniques of cloud observation; 1.7.1 Radar and lidar techniques 327 $a1.7.2 Satellite techniquesProblem; 2 The shape and size of cloud and precipitation particles; 2.1 Clouds as a colloidal system; 2.2 Frequency of liquid water and ice clouds in subfreezing environment; 2.3 Types of particles in clouds and precipitation; 2.4 Sampling of cloud and precipitation particles; 2.5 Cloud droplet size distributions; 2.5.1 Mathematical expressions of cloud drop size distributions; 2.6 Raindrop size distributions; 2.6.1 Double-gamma distribution; 2.7 Raindrop shape problem; 2.7.1 Quasi-spheroid approach; 2.7.2 Conical particle approach 327 $a2.8 Size and shape of graupel and hail2.9 Shape and size of ice crystals and snowflakes; 2.9.1 Habit of ice crystals; 2.9.2 Magono-Lee classification; 2.9.3 Dimensional relations; 2.9.4 Ice crystal and snowflake size and shape distribution; 2.9.5 Mathematical representations of ice and snow crystal shapes; Problems; 3 Molecular structures of water substance; 3.1 Single water molecule; 3.1.1 Electronic structure of the water molecule; 3.1.2 Electric dipole moment; 3.1.3 Water isotopes; 3.2 Hydrogen bonds; 3.3 Structure of water vapor; 3.4 Molecular structure of ice; 3.4.1 Ice-Ih 327 $aDefects in ice-IhQuasi-liquid layer on ice surface; 3.4.2 Ice-Ic; 3.4.3 Other forms of ice; 3.5 Molecular structure of liquid water; Problems; 4 Bulk thermodynamic equilibrium among water vapor, liquid water, and ice; 4.1 Thermodynamic systems; 4.2 The first law of thermodynamics - conservation of energy; 4.3 Closed systems; 4.4 Adiabatic process for a closed system; 4.5 A simple conceptual model for small cumulus cloud formation; 4.6 Entropy; 4.7 Open systems; 4.8 Gibbs-Duhem relation; 4.9 General condition of thermodynamic equilibrium; 4.10 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 327 $a4.11 Phase diagram for water substance4.12 Supercooling and the Bergeron-Findeisen process; 4.13 Order of phase change; 4.14 Calculation of the saturation vapor pressures; Problems; 5 Surface thermodynamics of water substance; 5.1 The interface as a phase; 5.2 Surface tension of liquids; 5.3 Surface tension of solids; 5.4 Mechanical equilibrium among curved interface systems; 5.5 Contact angle and wettability; 5.6 Component chemical potentials in an ideal gas mixture; 5.7 The chemical potential of water in an aqueous solution; 5.8 Ideal and non-ideal solutions 327 $a5.9 Equilibrium between two phases separated by curved interface 330 $aThis key new textbook provides a state-of-the-art view of the physics of cloud and precipitation formation, covering the most important topics in the field: the microphysics, thermodynamics and cloud-scale dynamics. Highlights include: the condensation process explained with new insights from chemical physics studies; the impact of the particle curvature (the Kelvin equation) and solute effect (the Ko?hler equation); homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation from recent molecular dynamic simulations; and the hydrodynamics of falling hydrometeors and their impact on collision growth. 3D cloud-model simulations demonstrate the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds and cirrus formation, and each chapter contains problems enabling students to review and implement their new learning. Packed with detailed mathematical derivations and cutting-edge stereographic illustrations, this is an ideal text for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses, and also serves as a reference for academic researchers and professionals working in atmospheric science, meteorology, climatology, remote sensing and environmental science. 517 3 $aPhysics & Dynamics of Clouds & Precipitation 606 $aCloud physics 606 $aPrecipitation (Meteorology) 615 0$aCloud physics. 615 0$aPrecipitation (Meteorology) 676 $a551.57/6 686 $aSCI042000$2bisacsh 700 $aWang$b Pao K.$01052212 801 0$bUkCbUP 801 1$bUkCbUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910821116803321 996 $aPhysics and dynamics of clouds and precipitation$94010748 997 $aUNINA