LEADER 04797nam 2200697 450 001 9910820899003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a99944-50-51-4 035 $a(CKB)3710000000180099 035 $a(EBL)1732200 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001399338 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11867882 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001399338 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11450798 035 $a(PQKB)10994990 035 $a(OCoLC)899266107 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse40217 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1732200 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10891831 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL664272 035 $a(PPN)198677561 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1732200 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000180099 100 $a20140724h20132013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aReading through the charcoal industry in Ethiopia $eproduction, marketing, consumption and impact /$fMelaku Bekele and Zenebe Girmay 210 1$aAddis Ababa, Ethiopia :$cForum for Social Studies,$d2013. 210 4$dİ2013 215 $a1 online resource (120 p.) 225 0 $aFSS Monograph Reading through the charcoal industry in Ethiopia 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-322-32990-7 311 $a99944-50-48-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Acknowledgement; List of Tables; List of Figures; Abbreviations and Acronyms; Executive Summary; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Background; 1.2. Objective and Scope of the Study; 1.3. Study Areas and Methods; 1.3.1. Study Areas; 1.3.2. Methods; 1.4. Structure and Limitation of the Study; 2. Fuel-wood Production and Consumption in Ethiopia: Historical Review; 2.1. Fire-wood; 2.2. Charcoal; 2.3. Fuel-wood Scarcity: Brief Account; 3. Charcoal production; 3.1. What is Charcoal?; 3.2. Charcoal Quality; 3.3. The Charcoal Makers; 3.4. Charcoal Making Technologies 327 $a3.5. Production of Charcoal Briquettes3.6. Charcoal Producing Areas and the Preferred Tree Species; 3.7. Charcoal Production Trends; 4. Charcoal Supply, Marketing and Consumption in Selected Cities and Towns; 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. The City of Addis Ababa; 4.2.1. General Features of Respondents; 4.2.2. Views of Respondents on Charcoal Supply, Marketing and Consumption; 4.2.3. Charcoal Inflow; 4.2.4. The Charcoal Trade Chain; 4.3. Mekelle (Tigray Regional State); 4.4. Awash and Gewanie (Afar Regional State); 4.5. Bahir Dar (Amhara Regional State); 4.6. Adama (Oromiya Regional State) 327 $a4.7. Hawassa and Arba-Minch (SNNPR)4.8. Harshin (Somali Regional State); 4.9. Dire Dawa City; 5. Charcoal Impacts; 5.1. Charcoal Impact Assessment; 5.2. Forest Resources of Ethiopia and the Charcoal Impact; 5.2.1. Forest and Woodland Resources; 5.2.2. The Charcoal Impact on Forests and Woodlands; 5.3. The charcoal Impact on Climate; 5.4. The Charcoal Impact on Soil; 5.5. The Charcoal Impact on Human Health; 6. The Institutional Deficits in the Charcoal Industry: The Way Forward; 6.1. Institutional Shortfalls; 6.2. The Way Forward 327 $a6.2.1. Charcoal as a Policy Agenda: Recognize and Legalize the Industry6.2.2. End Open-Access Situation; 6.2.3. Establish a Management System; 6.2.4. Establish a Charcoal Agency and a Data Centre; 6.2.5. Initiate Forest Plantations for Charcoal Production; 6.2.6. Improve Charcoal Technology and Diversify its Sources; 6.2.7. Develop Modern Energy Sources; 6.2.8. Education and Research; References; Back cover 330 $aStudies in many African countries show that charcoal making is among the primary drivers of deforestation and subsequent land degradation. In the case of Ethiopia, charcoal is produced from state-owned (public) forests and woodlands. There is little regulatory intervention from the government side. Moreover, production is more traditional and the producers have little idea that charcoal can be produced efficiently with modern technologies. Although charcoal meets significant portion of urban householdsi? energy needs in the country, and also support the livelihood of tens of thousands of rural 606 $aCharcoal 606 $aCharcoal industry 606 $aCharcoal industry$zEthiopia 607 $aEthiopia$2fast 615 0$aCharcoal. 615 0$aCharcoal industry. 615 0$aCharcoal industry 676 $a662.74 700 $aBekele$b Melaku$01612295 702 $aGirmay$b Zenebe 712 02$aYama?h?bara?wi t?ena?t madrak (Ethiopia), 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910820899003321 996 $aReading through the charcoal industry in Ethiopia$93941005 997 $aUNINA