LEADER 04707oam 2200697I 450 001 9910820250203321 005 20230803023025.0 010 $a1-138-98021-8 010 $a1-135-71477-0 010 $a1-315-05439-6 010 $a1-135-71470-3 024 7 $a10.4324/9781315054391 035 $a(CKB)2550000001190315 035 $a(EBL)1602134 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001108450 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12441271 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001108450 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11103676 035 $a(PQKB)11446513 035 $a(OCoLC)874153433 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1602134 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1602134 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10830573 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL569736 035 $a(OCoLC)869095731 035 $a(OCoLC)897454704 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001190315 100 $a20180331e20132002 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMaking comparisons count /$fRuth Chang 210 1$aLondon :$cRoutledge,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (349 p.) 225 0 $aStudies in ethics 300 $aFirst published 2002 by Routledge. 311 $a0-8153-3782-5 311 $a1-306-38485-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Table of Contents; Preface to the Routledge Edition; Acknowledgments; Introduction; 1. Incomparability: The Basic Notion; 1.1. The covering value requirement; 1.2. Covering values and contributory values; 1.3. The covering value requirement and incomparability; 2. The Structure of Values and Comparisons of Bearers; 2.1. The structure of values; 2.2. Comparisons of bearers; 2.3. Two conclusions; 3. Numerical Representation: The Standard Model; 3.1. The Standard Model and the Trichotomy Thesis; 3.2. Mere ordinality 327 $a3.3. Precise cardinality3.4. Imprecise cardinality; 1. What Justifies Choice?; 2. Setting the Stage for Comparativism; 3. Optimizing; 4. Alternatives to Optimizing; 4.1. Satisficing; 4.2. Maximalizing; 4.3. Absolutizing; 5. Comparisons and Justifying Force; 6. A Challenge to Comparativism: Brute Desires; 1. The Diversity of Values; 2. Bidirectionality; 3. Calculation; 4. Rational Irresolvability of Conflict; 5. The Incomparability of Values; 5.1. Value incomparability; 5.2. Bearer incomparability; 6. The Lack of a Common Value; 6.1. Noncomparability 327 $a6.2. Formal failures of comparison and practical reason1. Constitutive Incomparability; 2. Mere Market Goods; 3. Raz; 3.1. Symbolic significance; 3.2. The belief in incomparability; 3.3. The incomparability of friendship and money; 4. Critique; 4.1. The belief in incomparability; 4.2. The argument by elimination; 5. Anderson; 5.1. Comparisons as boring; 5.2. Comparisons as stultifying; 5.3. Comparisons as incoherent; 6. Emphatic Comparisons: A Sketch; 1. The Small Improvement Argument: Particular Version; 1.1. Rational attitudes; 1.2. Rational judgments 327 $a1.3. Skepticism about particular judgments2. The Small Improvement Argument: Abstract Version; 3. Against Incomparability: The Pareto Argument; 3.1. The Pareto Argument; 3.2. Examples; 4. The Small Improvement and Pareto Arguments Revisited: Is Parity Vagueness?; 4.1. Why hard cases are not borderline cases; 4.2. Objections; 5. Parity; 5.1. The intuitive notion: evaluative differences revisited; 5.2. A metaphysical underpinning of parity; 5.3. A nonstandard model of comparability; 1. Incomparability as Vagueness; 2. Determinate and Indeterminate Failure Revisited 327 $a2.1. Artificial and natural comparatives2.2. The Collapsing Principle Argument; 3. Multiple Rankings and Parity; 3.1. Essentially normative predicates; 3.2. Resolving parity into choice: a suggestion; Bibliography; Index 330 $aThis book attempts to answer two questions: Are alternatives for choice ever incomparable? and In what ways can items be compared? The arguments offered suggest that alternatives for choice no matter how different are never incomparable, and that the ways in which items can be compared are richer and more varied than commonly supposed. 410 0$aStudies in Ethics 606 $aDecision making$xMoral and ethical aspects 606 $aComparison (Philosophy) 615 0$aDecision making$xMoral and ethical aspects. 615 0$aComparison (Philosophy) 676 $a170/.42 700 $aChang$b Ruth.$01715742 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910820250203321 996 $aMaking comparisons count$94110635 997 $aUNINA