LEADER 00890cam0-22002891i-450- 001 990003619430403321 005 20050315104245.0 035 $a000361943 035 $aFED01000361943 035 $a(Aleph)000361943FED01 035 $a000361943 100 $a20030910d19009999km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $aita 102 $aIT 105 $ay-------001yy 200 1 $aPer il cinquantenario della scuola d'ingegneria di Roma$fAnselmo Ciappi$gnotizie storiche e biografiche raccolte da Roberto Pelissier 210 $aRoma ; Verona$c[s.n.$ds.d.] 215 $a142 p.$d22 cm 700 1$aCiappi,$bAnselmo$0450 702 1$aPelissier,$bRoberto 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990003619430403321 952 $aSE 041.07.014-$b1751$fDECSE 959 $aDECSE 996 $aPer il cinquantenario della scuola d'ingegneria di Roma$9502316 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01311nam--2200421---450- 001 990000449110203316 005 20050718103759.0 010 $a0-521-49867-8 035 $a0044911 035 $aUSA010044911 035 $a(ALEPH)000044911USA01 035 $a0044911 100 $a20010516d1997----km-y0itay0103----ba 101 $aeng 102 $aGB 105 $a||||||||001yy 200 1 $a<> Cambridge companion to Jane Austen$fedited by Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster 210 $aCambridge$cCambridge university press$d1997 215 $aXV, 251 p.$d23 cm 225 2 $aCambridge Companions to literature 410 $12001$aCambridge Companions to literature 461 1$1001-------$12001 606 0 $aAusten, Jane 676 $a823.7 702 1$aCOPELAND,$bEdward 702 $aMcMASTER$bJuliet 801 0$aIT$bsalbc$gISBD 912 $a990000449110203316 951 $aVII.3. Coll.11/ 6(IIi A COLL 40/7)$b142316 LM$cIIi A COLL 40 959 $aBK 969 $aUMA 979 $aPATTY$b90$c20010516$lUSA01$h1253 979 $aPATTY$b90$c20010516$lUSA01$h1257 979 $c20020403$lUSA01$h1653 979 $aPATRY$b90$c20040406$lUSA01$h1631 979 $aCOPAT3$b90$c20050718$lUSA01$h1037 996 $aCambridge companion to Jane Austen$9483712 997 $aUNISA LEADER 04055nam 2200613 450 001 9910820074503321 005 20230809224235.0 010 $a1-5017-1248-9 024 7 $a10.7591/9781501712494 035 $a(CKB)3710000001386375 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4865551 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0001803925 035 $a(OCoLC)963231177 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse57118 035 $a(DLC) 2016052966 035 $a(DE-B1597)492934 035 $a(DE-B1597)9781501712494 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4865551 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11390036 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL1012774 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000001386375 100 $a20170622h20172017 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aHell and its rivals $edeath and retribution among Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the early Middle Ages /$fAlan E. Bernstein 210 1$aIthaca, New York ;$aLondon, [England] :$cCornell University Press,$d2017. 210 4$dİ2017 215 $a1 online resource (392 pages) 300 $aPreviously issued in print: 2017. 311 $a1-5017-0780-9 311 $a1-5017-1249-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tContents -- $tPreface -- $tAcknowledgments -- $tAbbreviations -- $tIntroduction -- $tPart I. Foundations -- $t1. Gregory the Great -- $t2. Inner Death -- $t3. The Punishments -- $tPart II. Alternatives to Hell -- $t4. Exceptions to Hell -- $t5. Calibrated Justice and Purgatorial Fire -- $t6. Visions -- $tPart III. Hell in Abrahamic Religions -- $t7. Rabbinic Judaism -- $t8. Byzantine Universalism -- $t9. Islam -- $tConclusion -- $tBibliography -- $tIndex 330 $aThe idea of punishment after death-whereby the souls of the wicked are consigned to Hell (Gehenna, Gehinnom, or Jahannam)-emerged out of beliefs found across the Mediterranean, from ancient Egypt to Zoroastrian Persia, and became fundamental to the Abrahamic religions. Once Hell achieved doctrinal expression in the New Testament, the Talmud, and the Qur'an, thinkers began to question Hell's eternity, and to consider possible alternatives-hell's rivals. Some imagined outright escape, others periodic but temporary relief within the torments. One option, including Purgatory and, in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, the Middle State, was to consider the punishments to be temporary and purifying. Despite these moral and theological hesitations, the idea of Hell has remained a historical and theological force until the present.In Hell and Its Rivals, Alan E. Bernstein examines an array of sources from within and beyond the three Abrahamic faiths-including theology, chronicles, legal charters, edifying tales, and narratives of near-death experiences-to analyze the origins and evolution of belief in Hell. Key social institutions, including slavery, capital punishment, and monarchy, also affected the afterlife beliefs of Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Reflection on hell encouraged a stigmatization of "the other" that in turn emphasized the differences between these religions. Yet, despite these rivalries, each community proclaimed eternal punishment and answered related challenges to it in similar terms. For all that divided them, they agreed on the need for-and fact of-Hell. 606 $aHell$vComparative studies 606 $aHell$xChristianity$xHistory of doctrines$yMiddle Ages, 600-1500 606 $aHell$xIslam$xHistory of doctrines$yMiddle Ages, 600-1500 606 $aHell$xJudaism$xHistory of doctrines$yMiddle Ages, 600-1500 615 0$aHell 615 0$aHell$xChristianity$xHistory of doctrines 615 0$aHell$xIslam$xHistory of doctrines 615 0$aHell$xJudaism$xHistory of doctrines 676 $a202.3 700 $aBernstein$b Alan E.$01659348 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910820074503321 996 $aHell and its rivals$94013936 997 $aUNINA