LEADER 06747oam 2200745I 450 001 9910819780103321 005 20240405170249.0 010 $a1-317-49348-6 010 $a1-317-49349-4 010 $a1-315-71195-8 010 $a1-282-94336-7 010 $a9786612943362 010 $a1-84465-388-9 024 7 $a10.4324/9781315711959 035 $a(CKB)2670000000060483 035 $a(EBL)1900198 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000443255 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12202166 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000443255 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10454718 035 $a(PQKB)11007454 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1900198 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1900198 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10455614 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL294336 035 $a(OCoLC)898771542 035 $a(OCoLC)958109321 035 $a(OCoLC)1204299477 035 $a(FINmELB)ELB136645 035 $a(UkCbUP)CR9781844653881 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000060483 100 $a20180706e20142007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aTheories of scientific method $ean introduction /$fRobert Nola and Howard Sankey 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aLondon ;$aNew York :$cRoutledge,$d2014. 215 $a1 online resource (x, 381 pages) $cdigital, PDF file(s) 225 0 $aPhilosophy and science 300 $aFirst published in 2007 by Acumen. 311 $a1-84465-084-7 311 $a1-84465-085-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Abbreviations; Acknowledgements; Introduction; I The idea of methodology; 1 What is this thing called scientific method?; 1.1 Different methodological practices within the sciences; 1.2 Methodology and clinical trials; 1.3 Methodology within the context of discovery and the context of justification; 1.4 Methods for discovery; 1.5 Heuristics as methodology; 1.6 Scientific method and the methodology of logic; 2 Theoretical values in science; 2.1 Aims of science and scientists; 2.2 A broad classification of kinds of value 327 $a2.3 Some virtues of scientific theories2.4 Kuhn on values; 2.5 Aims and values of science: Popper; 2.6 Aims and values of science: Duhem; 2.7 Epistemic and pragmatic values; 3 Rules and principles of method; 3.1 Values, rules and principles of method; 3.2 Some features of principles of method; 3.3 Methodological principles from the history of science, I: Descartes; 3.4 Methodological principles from the history of science, II: Newton; 3.5 Methodological principles from the history of science, III: Duhem; 4 Metamethodology 327 $a4.1 A three-tiered relationship between science, methods and metamethods4.2 Metamethodology: what is it and is it possible?; 4.3 A priori, empirical and expressivist approaches to metamethodology; 4.4 The metamethodology of reflective equilibrium; 4.5 The historical turn, methods and metamethods; II Inductive and hypothetico-deductive methods; 5 Induction in science; 5.1 Deduction and induction; 5.2 From induction to probability and confirmation; 5.3 Enumerative induction; 5.4 The rule of inference to the best explanation; 5.5 The problem of grue; 5.6 Simplicity of equations 327 $a5.7 Simplicity and curve-fitting6 Some justifications of induction; 6.1 Attempting a justification of deduction; 6.2 A sceptical argument against the justification of induction; 6.3 The inductivist justification of induction; 6.4 The pragmatic vindication of induction; 6.5 Externalism and the warrant for induction; 7 The hypothetico-deductive method; 7.1 The structure of the H-D method; 7.2 Refinements of, and problems for, the H-D method; 7.3 Problems for H-D confirmation; 7.4 Appendix on some paradoxical results of confirmation theory; III Probability and scientific method 327 $a8 Probability, Bayesianism and methodology8.1 Principles and theorems of probability; 8.2 Bayes's theorem in some of its forms; 8.3 Bayesian confirmation; 8.4 The H-D method in a Bayesian context; 8.5 Subjective degree of belief as a probability; 8.6 Metamethodological justification and the Dutch book theorem; 8.7 Bayesian conditionalization and pure subjective Bayesianism; 9 Bayesianism: applications and problems; 9.1 The problem of priors; 9.2 Is Bayesianism complete?; 9.3 New evidence and the problem of old evidence; 9.4 Kuhnian values and Bayesianism 327 $a9.5 Bayesianism and inference to the best explanation 330 $aWhat is it to be scientific? Is there such a thing as scientific method? And if so, how might such methods be justified? Robert Nola and Howard Sankey seek to provide answers to these fundamental questions in their exploration of the major recent theories of scientific method. Although for many scientists their understanding of method is something they just “pick up”; in the course of being trained, Nola and Sankey argue that it is possible to be explicit about what this tacit understanding of method is, rather than leave it as some unfathomable mystery. They robustly defend the idea that there is such a thing as scientific method and show how this might be legitimated. The book begins with the question of what methodology might mean and explores the notions of values, rules and principles, before investigating how methodologists have sought to show that our scientific methods are rational. Part 2 of the book sets out some principles of inductive method and examines its alternatives including abduction, IBE, and hypothetico-deductivism. Part 3 introduces probabilistic modes of reasoning, particularly Bayesianism in its various guises, and shows how it is able to give an account of many of the values and rules of method. Part 4 considers the ideas of philosophers who have proposed distinctive theories of method such as Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend and Part 5 continues this theme by considering philosophers who have proposed “naturalised”; theories of method such as Quine, Laudan and Rescher. The book offers readers a comprehensive introduction to the idea of scientific method and a wide-ranging discussion of how historians of science, philosophers of science and scientists have grappled with the question over the last fifty years. 410 0$aPhilosophy and science (Acumen Publishing) 606 $aScience$xMethodology 615 0$aScience$xMethodology. 676 $a501 700 $aNola$b Robert.$067237 701 $aSankey$b Howard$065922 801 0$bUkCbUP 801 1$bUkCbUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910819780103321 996 $aTheories of scientific method$94023010 997 $aUNINA