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100   $a20120125d2012      uy         0
101 0 $aeng
135   $aur|n|---|||||
181   $ctxt
182   $cc
183   $acr
200 10$aCommunal labor in colonial Kenya $ethe legitimization of coercion, 1912-1930 /$fOpolot Okia
205   $a1st ed.
210   $aNew York $cPalgrave Macmillan$d2012
215   $a1 online resource (195 p.)
300   $aDescription based upon print version of record.
311   $a1-349-35215-2 
311   $a0-230-39295-4 
320   $aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
327   $a""Cover""; ""Communal Labor in Colonial Kenya: The Legitimization of Coercion, 1912-1930""; ""Contents""; ""Illustrations""; ""Introduction: Werengekaa???s Anxiety""; ""Normalizing Force in Kenya""; ""Chapter 1: Forced Labor and Colonial Development in Africa""; ""Forced Labor for Private Interests""; ""Government Forced Labor for the State""; ""Communal Labor""; ""Conclusion""; ""Chapter 2: The Juridical Foundation of Government Forced Labor, 1902-1912""; ""The Legal Bedrock of Coercion""; ""Ideas of African Development and Forced Labor in Kenya""; ""Conclusion""
327   $a""Chapter 3: a???Making the Lazy Nigger Worka???: European Settlers, the State, and Forced Labor, 1895-1919""""European Settlement in the EAP""; ""African Labor""; ""The 1912 Native Labour Commission""; ""Carrier Corps Recruitment and World War I""; ""Conclusion""; ""Chapter 4: The Northey Forced Labor Crisis, 1919-1921""; ""The Northey Circular""; ""Within the Colony and Protectorate""; ""Oldham and the Conclusion of the Crisis""; ""Conclusion""; ""Chapter 5: Interlude: Forced Labor Bounded, 1921-1925""; ""Forced Labor after Churchilla???s Dispatch""
327   $a""The Uasin Gishu Railway Extension and Government Forced Labor""""Conclusion""; ""Chapter 6: Normalizing Force: Archdeacon Walter Owen and the Issue of Communal Labor in Colonial Kenya, 1920-1930""; ""Missionaries and African Interests""; ""Archdeacon Owen and African Protest""; ""Owen and Communal Labor Abuses""; ""Conclusion""; ""Chapter 7: Conclusion: Forced Labor as an Abstraction""; ""Notes""; ""Bibliography""; ""Index""
330   $aThis book advances research into the government-forced labor used widely in colonial Kenya from 1930 to 1963 after the passage of the International Labor Organization?s Forced Labour Convention. While the 1930 Convention intended to mark the suppression of forced labor practices, various exemptions meant that many coercive labor practices continued in colonial territories. Focusing on East Africa and the Kenya Colony, this book shows how the colonial administration was able to exploit the exemption clause for communal labor, thus ensuring the mobilization of African labor for infrastructure development. As an exemption, communal labor was not defined as forced labor but instead justified as a continuation of traditional African and community labor practices. Despite this ideological justification, the book shows that communal labour was indeed an intensification of coercive labor practices and one that penalized Africans for non-compliance with fines or imprisonment. The use of forced labor before and after the passage of the Convention is examined, with a focus on its use during World War II as well as in efforts to combat soil erosion in the rural African reserve areas in Kenya. The exploitation of female labor, the Mau Mau war of the 1950s, civilian protests, and the regeneration of communal labor as harambee after independence are also discussed. .
606   $aForced labor$zKenya$xHistory$y20th century
607   $aKenya$xPolitics and government$yTo 1963
615  0$aForced labor$xHistory
676   $a331.11/7309676209041
686   $aHIS037070$aSOC054000$aHIS001020$2bisacsh
700   $aOkia$b Opolot$f1968-$01220822
801  0$bMiAaPQ
801  1$bMiAaPQ
801  2$bMiAaPQ
906   $aBOOK
912   $a9910819341003321
996   $aCommunal labor in colonial Kenya$94203912
997   $aUNINA