LEADER 05097nam 22008655 450 001 9910819296903321 005 20230721014606.0 010 $a0-8147-9540-4 010 $a0-8147-8906-4 024 7 $a10.18574/9780814789063 035 $a(CKB)2670000000155527 035 $a(EBL)866056 035 $a(OCoLC)779828390 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000606940 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11388633 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000606940 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10583028 035 $a(PQKB)10995152 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC866056 035 $a(OCoLC)794701053 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse10191 035 $a(DE-B1597)548114 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780814789063 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000155527 100 $a20200723h20092009 fg 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#---|un|u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBusiness in Black and White $eAmerican Presidents and Black Entrepreneurs in the Twentieth Century /$fRobert E. Weems 210 1$aNew York, NY :$cNew York University Press,$d[2009] 210 4$dİ2009 215 $a1 online resource (324 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a0-8147-7517-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 229-296) and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tList of Tables --$tAcknowledgments --$tIntroduction --$t1. The Origins of the Commerce Department?s Division of Negro Affairs, 1925?1940 --$t2. Emmer M. Lancaster and the Ascendancy and Fall of the Commerce Department?s Division of Negro Affairs, 1940?1960 --$t3. More Than Civil Rights --$t4. The Democratic Party and Black Capitalism during the Presidential Election of 1968 --$t5. Nixon and the ?Militants? --$t6. The National Response to Richard M. Nixon?s Black Capitalism Initiative --$t7. The Ford Administration and Black Capitalism --$t8. The Carter Administration and African American Enterprise --$tEpilogue --$tAppendix --$tNotes --$tBibliography --$tIndex --$tAbout the Authors 330 $aBusiness in Black and White provides a panoramic discussion of various initiatives that American presidents have supported to promote black business development in the United States. Many assume that U.S. government interest in promoting black entrepreneurship began with Richard Nixon's establishment of the Office of Minority Business Enterprise (OMBE) in 1969. Drawn from a variety of sources, Robert E. Weems, Jr.'s comprehensive work extends the chronology back to the Coolidge Administration with a compelling discussion of the Commerce Department's ?Division of Negro Affairs. ?Weems deftly illustrates how every administration since Coolidge has addressed the subject of black business development, from campaign promises to initiatives to downright roadblocks. Although the government's influence on black business dwindled during the Eisenhower Administration, Weems points out that the subject was reinvigorated during the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations and, in fact, during the early-to-mid 1960s, when ?civil rights? included the right to own and operate commercial enterprises. After Nixon's resignation, support for black business development remained intact, though it met resistance and continues to do so even today. As a historical text with contemporary significance, Business in Black and White is an original contribution to the realms of African American history, the American presidency, and American business history. 606 $aPresidents$zUnited States$xRacial attitudes$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aAfrican Americans$xEconomic conditions$y20th century 606 $aCapitalism$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aEntrepreneurship$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aAfrican American businesspeople$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 607 $aUnited States$xPolitics and government$y1945-1989 607 $aUnited States$xPolitics and government$y1933-1945 607 $aUnited States$xPolitics and government$y1919-1933 607 $aUnited States$xRace relations$xPolitical aspects$xHistory$y20th century 610 $aAmerican. 610 $aPresidents. 610 $ablack. 610 $abusiness. 610 $adiscussion. 610 $ahave. 610 $ainitiatives. 610 $apanoramic. 610 $apromote. 610 $aprovides. 610 $asupported. 610 $athat. 610 $avarious. 615 0$aPresidents$xRacial attitudes$xHistory 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xEconomic conditions 615 0$aCapitalism$xHistory 615 0$aEntrepreneurship$xHistory 615 0$aAfrican American businesspeople$xHistory 676 $a338/.0408996073 700 $aWeems$b Robert E.$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0455458 701 $aRandolph$b Lewis A$01637577 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910819296903321 996 $aBusiness in Black and White$93979470 997 $aUNINA