LEADER 08286nam 2200625Ia 450 001 9910818452203321 005 20240416234414.0 010 $a1-280-22152-6 010 $a9786610221523 010 $a0-309-59570-3 010 $a0-585-14328-5 035 $a(CKB)110986584750790 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000177386 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11169473 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000177386 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10211714 035 $a(PQKB)11768169 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376513 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376513 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10056786 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL22152 035 $a(OCoLC)923264225 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584750790 100 $a20040923d1988 my 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aImproving indicators of the quality of science amd mathematics education in grades K-12 /$fRichard J. Murnane and Senta A. Raizen, editors ; Committee on Indicators of Precollege Science and Mathematics Education, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1988 215 $ax, 220 p 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-309-03740-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aImproving Indicators of the Quality of Science and Mathematics Education in Grades K-12 -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Summary and Recommendations -- INDICATORS OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Indicators of Learning in Science and Mathematics -- Indicators of Student Behavior -- Indicators of Teaching Quality -- Indicators of Curriculum Quality -- Indicators of Financial and Leadership Support -- 2 Science and Mathematics Education -- SCIENTIFIC AND MATHEMATICAL LITERACY -- Literacy in Science -- The Nature of the Scientific World View -- The Nature of the Scientific Enterprise -- Scientific Habits of Mind -- Science and Human Affairs -- Literacy in Mathematics -- Practical Literacy in Mathematics -- Civic Literacy in Mathematics -- Using Mathematics as a Tool -- Cultural Literacy in Mathematics -- A CONCEPTION OF SCHOOLING -- Schooling as the Behavior of Students and Teachers -- Incentives and Constraints -- The Distribution of Excellence -- 3 What Are Indicators? -- DEFINING INDICATORS -- INTERPRETING INDICATORS -- Choice of Variables -- Problems of Aggregation -- Aggregation Effects and the Ecological Fallacy -- Inconsistent Aggregation and Self-Selection -- Problems of Scale -- INDICATORS FOR WHOM? -- COLLECTING INFORMATION -- Comparability Versus Depth of Information -- Timing -- Design of Expert Panels for Assessment -- Rater Variability -- Validity and Reliability -- Coordination of Strategies for Collecting Data -- 4 Indicators of Learning in Science and Mathematics -- AN APPRAISAL OF CURRENT TESTS OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT -- Purposes of Testing -- Evaluation of Student Learning -- Improving Instruction -- Criticisms of Current Testing -- Multiple-Choice Tests Penalize Creative Thinking -- Multiple-Choice Tests Are Not Representative of Real-Life Problem Situations. 327 $aMultiple-Choice Tests Are Undesirably Coachable -- Multiple-Choice Tests Exert Undesirable Influence on the Curriculum -- Multiple-Choice Tests Are Not Based on Theory -- Science Content in Multiple-Choice Achievement Tests is Questionable -- Some Virtues of the Current Testing System -- NEW METHODS OF ASSESSMENT -- Global Assessment -- Assessment of Conceptual Knowledge and Processing Skills -- Speed of Processing -- Pattern Recognition -- Organization of Knowledge -- Skill in Retrieving Information -- Internal Representations of Problems -- Procedural Knowledge -- The Development and Use of New Methods -- Summary -- Recommendations -- IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE EDUCATION AGENCIES -- ASSESSING ADULTS SCIENTIFIC AND MATHEMATICAL LITERACY -- Desired Attributes of Indicators -- Target Populations for Assessment -- Data Collection Strategies -- Assessing Grasp of Grand Conceptual Schemes -- Recommendation -- 5 Indicators of Student Behavior -- STUDENTS AS KEY ACTORS -- STUDENT ACTIVITIES -- In-School Activities -- Out-of-School Activities -- Recommendations -- ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS -- Recommendation -- SCIENTIFIC AND MATHEMATICAL HABITS OF MIND -- Relevant Constructs -- Engagement -- Expectations/Autonomy -- Connectedness -- Competence -- Recommendation -- 6 Indicators of Teaching Quality -- TEACHERS AS KEY ACTORS -- Findings from the Literature -- The Professional Teacher -- EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDS AND LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE -- College Education -- Subject-Matter Knowledge -- Sampling Strategy -- Needed Research -- Recommendations -- TEACHERS' USE OF TIME -- Time-Use Outside the Classroom -- Time-Use in the Classroom -- Needed Research -- Recommendations -- IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE EDUCATION AGENCIES -- WORKING CONDITIONS FOR TEACHING SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS -- Resources for Teaching Science and Mathematics -- Salaries as Incentives. 327 $aRecommendations -- 7 Indicators of Curriculum -- DEFINING THE CONCEPTS -- What Is Meant by Curriculum? -- Indicators for Whom? -- What Kinds of Indicators? -- MEASURES OF CURRICULUM CONTAINED IN OTHER CHAPTERS -- DEVELOPING INDICATORS OF CONTENT COVERAGE -- Curriculum Frameworks -- Establishing Subject-Matter Frameworks -- Obtaining Measures of Content Coverage -- State Guidelines -- Textbook Series -- Tests -- Implemented Curriculum -- Frequency of Mapping -- Recommendations -- DEVELOPING INDICATORS OF CURRICULUM QUALITY -- Depth of Treatment -- Scientific Accuracy and Pedagogic Quality -- Developing Criteria for Assessing Quality -- Recommendations -- IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE EDUCATION AGENCIES -- 8 Indicators of Financial and Leadership Support -- RESOURCES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL -- FEDERAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT -- Recommendation -- NATIONAL LEADERSHIP -- Recommendation -- References -- Appendix A Colloquium on Indicators of Precollege Science and Mathematics Education -- PARTICIPANTS -- Testing Group -- Curriculum Group -- Teacher Effectiveness Group -- Science Attitudes/Motivation Group -- Science Literacy Group -- Financial Indicators Group (Special Session) -- Observers -- Appendix B Review of Science Content in Selected Student Achievement Tests -- SCIENCE TEST REVIEW PANEL -- Appendix C Summaries of Meetings with Representatives of State and Local Education Agencies -- SUMMARY OF MEETING WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF STATE EDUCATION AGENCIES -- Quality of the Curriculum -- Teacher Effectiveness -- Assessment of Learning -- Use of Resources -- Student Attitudes and Motivation -- General Science Literacy -- Participants: State Education Agencies -- SUMMARY OF MEETING WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS -- Teacher Effectiveness -- Possible Indicators -- Use of Indicators -- Quality of Curriculum -- Possible Indicators -- Assessment of Learning. 327 $aResources -- Scientific Literacy -- Student Attitudes and Motivation -- General Suggestions -- Participants: Local School Districts -- Appendix D Current Projects on Indicators -- Development of Indicators from Existing Research and Data Bases -- Studies to Improve Basic Data Collection -- New Survey Data Applicable to Indicators -- Efforts to Develop Indicators of the Quality of Curriculum -- REFERENCES -- Appendix E Coordination of Strategies for Collecting Data -- Index. 606 $aScience$xStudy and teaching$zUnited States$xEvaluation 606 $aMathematics$xStudy and teaching$zUnited States$xEvaluation 615 0$aScience$xStudy and teaching$xEvaluation. 615 0$aMathematics$xStudy and teaching$xEvaluation. 676 $a507/.1073 701 $aMurnane$b Richard J$0121204 701 $aRaizen$b Senta A$01595878 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee on Indicators of Precollege Science and Mathematics Education. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910818452203321 996 $aImproving indicators of the quality of science amd mathematics education in grades K-12$93966993 997 $aUNINA