LEADER 05187nam 2200649 a 450 001 9910818358103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-21421-X 010 $a9786610214211 010 $a0-309-59596-7 010 $a0-585-14337-4 035 $a(CKB)110986584750906 035 $a(OCoLC)632537876 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056850 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000130028 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11135506 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000130028 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10082358 035 $a(PQKB)10133753 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376576 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376576 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10056850 035 $a(OCoLC)923264622 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584750906 100 $a19890821d1989 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aContraceptive use and controlled fertility $ehealth issues for women and children : background papers /$fAllan M. Parnell, editor ; Committee on Population, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1989 215 $a1 online resource (171 pages) $cillustrations 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a0-309-04096-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- The Relationship Between Fertility and Maternal Mortality -- DEFINITIONS AND MEASUREMENT ISSUES -- Measures -- Sources of Data -- Problems of Measurement -- WORLD PATTERNS -- ASPECTS OF FERTILITY AS RISK FACTORS FOR MATERNAL MORALITY -- Parity/Gravidity -- Interaction Between Age and Gravidity/Parity -- Hospital Studies: Primigravid/Primiparous Women -- Hospital Studies: Multigravid/Multiparous Women -- Short Birth Intervals -- OTHER IMPORTANT RISK FACTORS -- Lack of Antenatal Care -- Distance -- Socioeconomic Status -- Traditional Behavior -- Birth Practices -- Female Circumcision -- CAUSAL PATTERNS OF MORTALITY -- Differences by Area -- ASPECTS OF FERTILITY AND THE MAJOR CAUSES OF DEATH -- Abortion -- Difficult Labor -- Hemorrhage/Anemia -- Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy -- Infectious Disease -- Hepatitis -- Tuberculosis -- Malaria -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX-CONTENTS OF CAUSAL CATEGORIES -- REFERENCES -- Health Effects of Contraception -- INTRODUCTION -- ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES -- Noncontraceptive Benefits -- Adverse Health Effects -- Cardiovascular Effects -- Metabolic Effects -- Neoplastic Diseases -- Other Effects -- INTRAUTERINE DEVICES -- Adverse Health Effects -- BARRIER METHODS -- Condoms -- Spermicides and the Contraceptive Sponge -- Diaphragm with Spermicide -- Cervical Caps -- LONG-ACTING METHODS -- Injectables -- Implants -- TUBAL STERILIZATION -- Sterilization Reversal -- VASECTOMY -- Mortality -- Morbidity -- Long-Term Safety -- Vasectomy Reversal -- REFERENCES -- Mechanisms for the Association of Maternal Age, Parity, and Birth Spacing with Infant Health -- INTRODUCTION -- Overview -- Causes of Infant Deaths -- Low Birthweight and Prematurity -- YOUNG MATERNAL AGE AND PRIMIPARITY -- Effects on Birthweight and Prematurity. 327 $aMother-Fetus Competition for Macronutrients -- Micronutrient Deficiencies -- Infections -- Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension -- Malaria -- Complications of Delivery -- Conclusions -- OLDER MATERNAL AGE AND GRAND MULTIPARITY -- Relative Risks of Poor Pregnancy Outcomes and Infant Deaths -- Congenital Abnormalities -- Iron-Deficiency Anemia and Micronutrient Deficiencies -- Multiple Births -- Complications of Delivery -- Conclusions -- EFFECTS OF SHORT INTERVALS BETWEEN PREGNANCIES -- Effects on Length of Gestation and Birthweight -- Maternal Nutrition and Fetal Growth -- Postpartum Nutrition -- Infectious Diseases -- Maternal Infections -- Increased Postnatal Exposure to Pathogens -- Conclusions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Psychosocial Consequences to Women of Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility -- CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND WELL-BEING: INDICATORS OF PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS -- PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS AND ROLE PERFORMANCE -- CONTRACEPTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS AS POTENTIAL STRESSORS -- Conjugal Roles -- Occupational Roles -- Maternal Roles -- Domestic, Kinship, and Community Roles -- Women as Individuals -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix Background Papers. 606 $aContraceptives$xPhysiological effect 606 $aMothers$xMortality 606 $aBirth intervals 606 $aInfants$xHealth and hygiene 615 0$aContraceptives$xPhysiological effect. 615 0$aMothers$xMortality. 615 0$aBirth intervals. 615 0$aInfants$xHealth and hygiene. 676 $a613.9/4 701 $aParnell$b Allan M$01695975 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee on Population. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910818358103321 996 $aContraceptive use and controlled fertility$94113128 997 $aUNINA