LEADER 05261nam 22006731 450 001 9910818082403321 005 20240401173944.0 010 $a3-527-65508-5 010 $a3-527-65506-9 010 $a3-527-65509-3 035 $a(CKB)2550000001117149 035 $a(EBL)1388818 035 $a(OCoLC)858655510 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001164473 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11635401 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001164473 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11181089 035 $a(PQKB)10943451 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1388818 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1388818 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10762543 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL517587 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001117149 100 $a20131006d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aNanobeam x-ray scattering $eprobing matter at the nanoscale /$fJulian Stangl [and three others] 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aHoboken, New Jersey :$cJohn Wiley & sons,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (284 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-527-41077-5 311 $a1-299-86336-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aNanobeam X-Ray Scattering; Contents; Foreword; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 X-ray Interaction with Matter; 1.1.1 Transmission of X-ray; 1.1.2 Diffraction of X-rays; 1.1.3 X-ray Elemental Sensitivity; 1.2 Diffraction at Different Length scales and Real-Space Resolution; 1.2.1 How to Produce an X-ray Nanobeam; 1.2.2 Experiments with Nanobeams; 1.2.3 Coherence Properties of Small Beams; 1.2.4 Side Issues ?; 1.3 Future Developments; 2 X-ray Diffraction Principles; 2.1 A Brief Introduction to Diffraction Theory; 2.1.1 Interference of X-ray Waves; 2.2 Kinematic X-ray Diffraction Theory 327 $a2.2.1 The Structure Factor 2.2.2 The Form Factor; 2.2.3 Reciprocal Lattice of Nanostructures; 2.2.4 The Phase Problem; 2.3 Reflectivity; 2.4 Properties of X-ray Beams; 2.5 A Note on Coherence; 2.5.1 Longitudinal Coherence and Wavelength Distribution; 2.5.2 Longitudinal Coherence Length; 2.5.3 Transverse Coherence and Thermal Sources; 2.5.4 Transverse Coherence Length; 2.6 X-ray Sources; 2.7 Diffraction Measurement: How to Access q in a Real Experiment; 2.7.1 Diffraction Geometries; 2.7.2 Length scales; 3 X-ray Focusing Elements Characterization; 3.1 Introduction and Context 327 $a3.2 Refractive X-ray Lenses 3.2.1 Characterization of Focusing Elements; 3.2.2 Spherical Refractive X-ray Lenses; 3.2.3 Parabolic Compound Refractive Lenses (CRL); 3.2.4 Kinoform Lenses; 3.2.5 Characteristics of the Refractive Lenses; 3.3 X-ray Mirrors. Reflection of X-rays at Surfaces; 3.3.1 Reflective X-ray Optics (Kirkpatrick-Baez Mirrors); 3.3.2 Capillaries; 3.3.3 Waveguides (Resonators); 3.3.4 Other Reflective Optical Elements; 3.4 Diffraction X-ray Optics; 3.4.1 Fresnel Zone Plates; 3.4.2 Hologram of a Point Object; 3.4.3 Quantities Characterizing a Binary Zone Plate 327 $a3.4.4 Multilevel Zone Plate 3.4.5 Getting a Clean and Intense Focused Beam with ZPs; 3.4.6 Bragg-Fresnel Lenses; 3.4.7 Multilayer Laue Lenses; 3.4.8 Photon Sieves; 3.4.9 Beam Compressors; 3.5 Other X-ray Optics; 3.6 Measuring the Size of the X-ray Focused Spot; 3.7 Conclusion; 4 Scattering Experiments Using Nanobeams; 4.1 From the Ensemble Average Approach towards the Single Nanostructure Study; 4.1.1 A Motivation for the Use of Small X-ray Beams; 4.1.2 Required Focused Beam Properties; 4.2 Scanning X-ray Diffraction Microscopy; 4.3 Finite Element Based Analysis of Diffraction Data 327 $a4.4 Single Structure Inside a Device 4.5 Examples from Biology; 4.6 Recent Experiments: The Current Limits; 4.6.1 Strain Distribution in Nanoscale Ridges; 4.6.2 Between Single Structure and Ensemble Average; 4.7 Outlook; 4.7.1 Experimental Developments; 5 Nanobeam Diffraction Setups; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Typical X-ray Diffraction Setup; 5.3 Nanodiffraction Setup Requirements; 5.3.1 Diffractometer; 5.3.2 Restriction of Setup; 5.3.3 Stability: How to Keep the Beam on the Sample; 5.3.4 Beating Drifts: More Solutions; 5.4 Nanobeam and Coherence Setup 327 $a5.5 Detectors: Pixel and Time Resolution, Dynamical Range 330 $aA comprehensive overview of the possibilities and potential of X-ray scattering using nanofocused beams for probing matter at the nanoscale, including guidance on the design of nanobeam experiments. The monograph discusses various sources, including free electron lasers, synchrotron radiation and other portable and non-portable X-ray sources.For scientists using synchrotron radiation or students and scientists with a background in X-ray scattering methods in general. 606 $aElectron probe microanalysis 606 $aNanotechnology 606 $aX-rays$xScattering 615 0$aElectron probe microanalysis. 615 0$aNanotechnology. 615 0$aX-rays$xScattering. 676 $a539.7222 700 $aStangl$b Julian$01593017 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910818082403321 996 $aNanobeam x-ray scattering$93912935 997 $aUNINA