LEADER 04562nam 2200625 a 450 001 9910817713403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-309-17323-X 010 $a1-280-18613-5 010 $a9786610186136 010 $a0-309-57080-8 010 $a0-585-05769-9 035 $a(CKB)110986584752512 035 $a(OCoLC)42855231 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056917 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000138793 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11132672 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000138793 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10100982 035 $a(PQKB)10205821 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376641 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376641 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10056917 035 $a(OCoLC)940510322 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584752512 100 $a19990419d1998 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aDietary reference intakes $ea risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients /$fFood and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1998 215 $a1 online resource (x, 71 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aCompass series 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a0-309-06348-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aDietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients -- Copyright -- Contents -- Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT ARE DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES? -- Recommended Dietary Allowance -- Process for Setting the RDA -- Adequate Intake -- Tolerable Upper Intake Level -- APPROACH FOR SETTING DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES, INCLUDING TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS -- Terminology -- Concept -- MODEL FOR THE DERIVATION OF TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS -- RISK ASSESSMENT AND FOOD SAFETY -- Basic Concepts -- Steps in the Risk Assessment Process -- Thresholds -- APPLICATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL TO NUTRIENTS -- Special Problems Associated with Substances Required for Human Nutrition -- Consideration of Variability in Sensitivity -- Bioavailability -- Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions -- Other Relevant Factors Affecting Bioavailability of Nutrients -- STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL -- Step 1. Hazard Identification -- Step 2. Dose-Response Assessment -- Data Selection -- Identification of NOAEL (or LOAEL) and Critical Endpoint -- Uncertainty Assessment -- Characterization of the Estimate and Special Considerations -- DERIVATION OF ULS: SUMMARY OF PROGRESS TO DATE -- Derivation of UFs -- Derivation of a UL -- Derivation of a UL for Other Groups -- References -- Appendix A Recommended Dietary Intakes for Individuals -- Appendix B Options for Dealing with Uncertainties -- References -- Appendix C Reference Heights and Weights for Children and Adults -- Appendix D Case Studies of Application of Risk Assessment Model for Nutrients -- A. Calcium -- Hazard Identification -- Nephrolithiasis -- Hypercalcemia and Renal Insufficiency (Milk-Alkali Syndrome) -- Calcium/Mineral Interactions. 327 $aDose-Response Assessment -- Adults: Ages 19 through 70 Years -- Infants: Ages 0 through 12 Months -- Toddlers, Children, and Adolescents: Ages 1 through 18 years -- Older Adults: Ages > -- 70 Years -- Pregnancy and Lactation -- Special Considerations -- Exposure Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- References -- B. Folate -- Hazard Identification -- Adverse Effects -- Summary -- Dose-Response Assessment -- Adults -- Folate UL Summary, Adults -- Other Life Stage Groups -- Special Considerations -- Intake Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- References -- C. Riboflavin -- Hazard Identification -- Dose-Response Assessment -- Special Considerations -- Intake Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- References -- Appendix E Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients -- FNB Staff. 410 0$aCompass series (Washington, D.C.) 606 $aDiet 606 $aNutrition 615 0$aDiet. 615 0$aNutrition. 676 $a613.2 712 02$aInstitute of Medicine (U.S.).$bFood and Nutrition Board. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910817713403321 996 $aDietary reference intakes$93920872 997 $aUNINA