LEADER 05901nam 22006251a 450 001 9910817464403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-309-17422-8 010 $a1-280-21030-3 010 $a9786610210305 010 $a0-309-59301-8 010 $a0-585-04730-8 035 $a(CKB)110986584752596 035 $a(OCoLC)42330891 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055143 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000260579 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11237966 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000260579 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10223926 035 $a(PQKB)11235870 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376149 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376149 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055143 035 $a(OCoLC)923261560 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584752596 100 $a19850626d1999 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aToward environmental Justice $eresearch, education, and health policy needs /$fCommittee on Environmental Justice, Health Sciences Policy Program, Health Sciences Section 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1999 215 $a1 online resource (xii, 137 pages) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a0-309-06407-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aToward Environmental Justice -- Copyright -- REVIEWERS -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction and Executive Summary -- CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS -- THE COMMITTEE'S ORIGIN AND TASK -- The Committee's Task -- The Data and Site Visits -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Research -- Education -- Health Policy -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- 2 Establishing a Baseline -- DISPARITIES IN HEALTH STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES -- Low Birth Weight -- Infant Mortality -- Death Rates -- Cancer -- DISPARITIES IN EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS -- Examining Proximity to Environmental Health Hazards -- Characterizing Exposure -- EXAMINING THE LINK BETWEEN EXPOSURE AND HEALTH -- Lack of Health Status Characterization -- Failure of Differentiation of Populations and Differences in Outcomes -- A Case Study: Urban Asthma -- CONCLUSIONS -- 3 Research -- RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES -- Documenting Excessive Exposures -- Toxic Chemical Release Inventory -- Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program -- Assessing Susceptibility to Environmental Hazards -- Measuring the Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Health Hazards -- Multiplicity of Hazards -- Multiplicity of Potential Determinants -- Biomarkers -- Biomarkers of Exposure -- Biomarkers of Susceptibility -- Biomarkers of Effect -- Limitations and Potential of Biomarkers in Environmental Health Risk Assessment -- RESEARCH CHALLENGES -- Improving Epidemiologic Studies -- Addressing Race -- Participatory Research -- Challenges of Participatory Research -- Enhancing Support for Research -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Strategies for Improving the Science Base -- Strategies for Involving the Affected Populations -- Strategy for Communicating with Stakeholders -- 4 Education -- HEALTH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION -- Enhancing Health Professional Education -- Medical Education -- Public Health Education. 327 $aNursing and Allied Health Sciences -- Increasing the Number of Minority Health Professionals -- EDUCATION OF THE PUBLIC -- Educating Children -- Community Leadership -- Conducting Participatory Research -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Strategies for Enhancing Health Professionals' Knowledge of Environmental Health and Justice Issues -- Strategies for Increasing the Number of Health Professionals Specializing in Environmental and Occupational Medicine -- Strategies for Community and Public Education -- 5 Health Policy -- CURRENT SCIENCE BASE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE -- EXPANDING THE POLICY PROCESS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- Appendixes -- A Using Disease-Cluster and Small-Area Analyses to Study Environmental Justice -- Health-Effects Studies -- Barriers to Epidemiologic Studies -- Data Availability -- Sample Size -- Preepidemiology -- Types of Preepidemiologic Methods -- Limitations of Preepidemiology -- Appropriate Uses of Preepidemiology -- Statistical Approaches to Preepidemiology -- Disease-Cluster Investigation Practices -- Choosing the Right Statistical Analysis Method -- What Type of Clustering is Being Investigated? -- What is the Null Hypothesis? -- What is the Alternative Hypothesis? -- What Type of Summary Statistic is Used? -- Which Method is Most Appropriate for the Cluster Under Investigation? -- How Should the Statistical Significance of an Analysis be Interpreted? -- Research Needs -- Bibliography -- B Acknowledgments -- C Acronyms -- D Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Population -- E Committee and Staff Biographies -- Committee Biographies -- Institute of Medicine Staff -- Index. 330 $aOffers examinations in identifying environmental hazards and assessing risk for populations of varying ethnic, social, and economic backgrounds, and the need for methodologies that suit the populations at risk. This book makes recommendations to decision makers in the areas of public health, research, and education of health professionals. 606 $aEnvironmental policy 606 $aEnvironmental law 615 0$aEnvironmental policy. 615 0$aEnvironmental law. 676 $a363.7/02/0973 712 02$aInstitute of Medicine (U.S.).$bCommittee on Environmental Justice. 712 02$aHealth Sciences Policy Program (U.S.) 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910817464403321 996 $aToward environmental justice$94073598 997 $aUNINA