LEADER 07685nam 2200697 a 450 001 9910817168603321 005 20240416234058.0 010 $a1-280-19291-7 010 $a9786610192915 010 $a0-309-58803-0 010 $a0-585-00208-8 035 $a(CKB)110986584751612 035 $a(OCoLC)42328500 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055638 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000151619 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11910620 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000151619 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10320279 035 $a(PQKB)11548478 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376415 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055638 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL19291 035 $a(OCoLC)923263560 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376415 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584751612 100 $a19950323d1995 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aEvolving the high performance computing and communications initiative to support the nation's information infrastructure /$fCommittee to Study High Performance Computing and Communications: Status of a Major Initiative, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Commission on Physical Science, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1995 215 $a1 online resource (133 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-309-05277-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aEvolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-FUNDAMENTAL FOR SOCIETY AND THE ECONOMY NOW AND TOMORROW -- The Basis for Continuing Strength-A Successful Government-Industry Partnership -- Government Support of Research Is Crucial -- THE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS INITIATIVE -- Goals and Emphases -- High Performance -- Accomplishments to Date -- Evolution -- Organization -- Budget -- THE FUTURE OF THE HPCCI: RECOMMENDATIONS -- General Recommendations -- High Performance Computing -- Networking and Information Infrastructure -- Supercomputer Centers and Grand Challenge Program -- Coordination and Program Management -- NOTES -- 1 U.S. Leadership in Information Technology -- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS CENTRAL TO OUR SOCIETY -- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES RAPIDLY -- RETAINING LEADERSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS VITAL TO THE NATION -- THE FEDERAL INVESTMENT IN COMPUTING RESEARCH HAS PAID RICH DIVIDENDS -- CONTINUED FEDERAL INVESTMENT IS NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN OUR LEAD -- TODAY THE HPCCI IS THE UMBRELLA FOR MOST GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH -- NOTES -- 2 The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative -- HPCCI: GOALS AND EMPHASES -- Basic Objectives -- Teraflop Capability -- High-speed Networks -- Grand Challenges -- Expanded Objectives -- HPCCI ACCOMPLISHMENTS -- The Issue of Measurement -- Better Computing and Computational Infrastructure -- Increasing Researcher-Developer-User Synergy -- Impact of Broad Collaboration -- Transfer of Expertise and Technology -- Impact on Mission Agencies -- Five Gigabit Testbed Projects: Collaboration and Impact -- EVOLUTION OF HPCCI GOALS AND OBJECTIVES -- Improving the Information Infrastructure. 327 $aEvolving Research Directions and Relevance for the Information Infrastructure -- Overall Computing and Communications R& -- D Planning -- Toward a Better Balance -- MOVING FORWARD-BASIC ISSUES -- Balance of Private and Public Investment -- Coordination Versus Management -- Coordinating Structure -- Drawbacks of Centralization -- National Coordination Office -- Budget -- NOTES -- 3 Recommendations -- GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING -- RECOMMENDATIONS ON NETWORKING AND INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE -- RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE SUPERCOMPUTER CENTERS AND GRAND CHALLENGE PROGRAM -- RECOMMENDATIONS ON COORDINATION AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT IN THE HPCCI -- COMMENTS RELATING THIS REPORT'S RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS RE ... -- NOTES -- Bibliography -- Appendixes -- A The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative: Background -- THE TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC IMPERATIVE FOR PARALLEL COMPUTING -- The United States Needs More Powerful Computers and Communications -- Conventional Supercomputers Face Cost Barriers -- Small Computers Are Becoming Faster, Cheaper, and More Widely Used -- Parallel Computers: High Performance for Radically Lower Cost -- CHALLENGES OF PARALLEL COMPUTING -- Applications -- Hardware Design -- Numerical Algorithms -- Learning New Modes of Thought -- A NEW PARADIGM -- COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES -- Overview -- Sequential, Vector -- Parallel -- Generations of Parallel Computers -- First Commercial Generation: SIMD -- Second Generation: Message-Passing MIMD -- Third Generation: Memory-Sharing MIMD -- Programming -- Algorithms -- A SKETCH OF THE HPCCI'S HISTORY -- Development and Participants -- Concerns Raised in Recent Studies -- GAO Report -- CBO Report -- NOTES -- B High-Performance Communications Technology and Infrastructure. 327 $aHIGH-PERFORMANCE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE ADVANCE -- C Review of the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative Budget -- BUDGET REVIEW -- Commentary: Many Possibilities for Misinterpretation -- NOTES -- D Current High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative Grand Challenge Activities -- NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION -- DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY -- NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION -- NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY -- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ADMINISTRATION -- NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION -- E Accomplishments of National Science Foundation Supercomputer Centers -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPORTANT TECHNOLOGY ACCOMPLISHMENTS -- Supercomputer Usage at NSF Centers -- Architectures and Vendors -- Access and New Architectures -- Storage Technologies, File Format, and File Systems -- NSFNET and Networking -- Visualization and Virtual Reality -- Desktop Software, Connectivity, and Collaboration Tools -- ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN EDUCATION AND OUTREACH -- Researchers and Students -- K-12 Educators and Students -- Broad Outreach -- SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT -- IMPORTANT SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ACCOMPLISHMENTS -- Quantum Physics and Materials Science -- Biology and Medicine -- Engineering -- Earth Sciences and the Environment -- Planetary Sciences, Astronomy, and Cosmology -- F Individuals Providing Briefings to the Committee. 606 $aElectronic data processing 606 $aTelecommunication$zUnited States 606 $aComputer networks 606 $aData transmission systems 606 $aInformation networks 610 0 $aComputing and information technology 615 0$aElectronic data processing. 615 0$aTelecommunication 615 0$aComputer networks. 615 0$aData transmission systems. 615 0$aInformation networks. 676 $a338.4/7004 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee to Study High Performance Computing and Communications: Status of a Major Initiative. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910817168603321 996 $aEvolving the high performance computing and communications initiative to support the nation's information infrastructure$94026702 997 $aUNINA