LEADER 05587nam 2200601 a 450 001 9910817000103321 005 20240410172130.0 010 $a1-61728-396-7 035 $a(CKB)2560000000015785 035 $a(EBL)3020776 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000416734 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12101321 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000416734 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10422226 035 $a(PQKB)11429800 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3020776 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3020776 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10680914 035 $a(OCoLC)665827898 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000015785 100 $a20120301d2009 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aEmissions trading$b[electronic resource] $elessons learned from the European Union and Kyoto Protocol climate change programs /$fErvin Nagy and Gisella Varga, editors 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aNew York $cNova Science Publishers, Inc.$dc2009 215 $a1 online resource (145 p.) 225 1 $aClimate change and its causes, effects and prediction series 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-60741-194-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- EMISSIONS TRADING: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EUROPEANUNION AND KYOTO PROTOCOL CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE EU EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME (ETS):KYOTO AND BEYOND -- ABSTRACT -- OVERVIEW -- NATIONAL ALLOCATION PLANS AND THE ETS -- Need for Further Emissions Reductions -- Need to Adjust ETS Allocations -- ISSUES ARISING IN PHASE 2 NAPS FOR THE ETS -- Supplementarity -- Auction Policy -- New Entrant Reserves -- Auction Policy -- New Entrant Reserves -- Closure Policy -- Benchmarking -- Allocation and Energy Policy -- LOOKING TO PHASE III -- Eliminating NAPs -- Expanding Coverage -- Auctions -- SUMMARY AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR U.S.CAP-AND-TRADE PROPOSALS -- Emission Inventories and Target Setting -- Coverage -- Allocation Schemes -- Flexibility and Price Volatility -- REFERENCES -- CLIMATE CHANGE: THE EUROPEAN UNION'S EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM(EU-ETS) -- ABSTRACT -- OVERVIEW -- IMPLEMENTING THE ETS:NATIONAL ALLOCATION PLANS -- RESULTS FROM THE FIRST YEAR -- Emissions Levels -- Market Activity, Prices, and Impact -- Use of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)and Joint Implementation (JI) -- ISSUES -- Tightening of Emissions Caps -- Harmonizing NAPs -- New Entrants -- Definition of Affected Units -- Expansion of Coverage -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX: NORWAY'S TRADING SYSTEM -- REFERENCES -- INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION'S EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME AND THE KYOTO PROTOCOL'S CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM* -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- EU EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME ESTABLISHED A CARBONMARKET AND PROVIDES LESSONS THAT COULD INFORMU.S. DECISION MAKING ON CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY -- Creation of the ETS Established a Market for Carbon Allowances. 327 $aThe Effect of ETS Phase I on Emissions IsUncertain Because of Data Limitations -- Phase I Economic Impacts Vary by Sector butLong- Term Effects Are Uncertain -- The Effect of ETS Phase I on Technology Development andInnovation Are Uncertain but Likely Minimal -- ETS Phase I Experience Offers Key Lessons aboutProgram Design and Implementation -- Baseline Data -- Availability of data -- Specificity of data -- Program Design Features -- Emissions Cap -- Program Scope -- Allocation Method -- Risk of Leakage -- Program Timeline -- Linking -- Wealth Transfer -- THE CDM'S ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICEFFECTS PROVIDE IMPORTANT LESSONS THATCAN INFORM CONGRESSIONAL DELIBERATIONSON CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY -- The CDM Has Enabled Covered Entities to PursueLower-Cost Reductions and Involved DevelopingCountries in the Global Carbon Market -- Despite Rigorous Review Process, the NetEffect of the CDM on Emissions Is Unclear -- The CDM's Contributions to SustainableDevelopment Have Been Limited -- The Scale and Cost- Effectiveness of the CDM Is Limited by theCurrent Project-by-Project Approval Process, but ProposedReforms Could Improve Its Effectiveness -- Sectoral CDM -- Sectoral No-Lose Targets -- Programmatic CDM -- Positive Lists -- Mandatory Caps -- Discounting Credits -- Phasing out Offsets -- CDM Experience Offers Key Lessons Learned aboutProgram Design and Implementation -- Cost-Effectiveness -- Environmental Effects -- Tradeoffs and Potential Improvements -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- MATTERS FOR CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION -- APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II: SUMMARY OF JOINT IMPLEMENTATION -- APPENDIX III: PANEL OF EXPERTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX. 410 0$aClimate change and its causes, effects, and prediction series. 606 $aEmissions trading$xEconomic aspects$zEuropean Union countries 606 $aEmissions trading$xLaw and legislation$zEuropean Union countries 606 $aClimatic changes$xGovernment policy$zEuropean Union countries 615 0$aEmissions trading$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aEmissions trading$xLaw and legislation 615 0$aClimatic changes$xGovernment policy 676 $a363.738747 701 $aNagy$b Ervin$01633881 701 $aVarga$b Gisella$01633882 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910817000103321 996 $aEmissions trading$93973857 997 $aUNINA