LEADER 05951nam 2200565 a 450 001 9910816711903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-309-58788-3 010 $a0-585-02341-7 035 $a(CKB)110986584753416 035 $a(OCoLC)42328995 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055171 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000250559 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11204070 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000250559 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10244995 035 $a(PQKB)10129068 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376176 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376176 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055171 035 $a(OCoLC)940509997 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584753416 100 $a19950123d1995 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aStandards, conformity assessment, and trade into the 21st century /$fInternational Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee, Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1995 215 $a1 online resource (252 pages) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 1 $a0-309-05236-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 213-228) and index. 327 $aStandards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT -- STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT -- INTERNATIONAL TRADE -- ADDRESSING FUTURE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- NOTE -- 1 Introduction -- FUNCTIONS OF STANDARDS -- Commercial Communication -- Technology Diffusion -- Productive Efficiency -- Enhanced Competition -- Compatibility -- Process Management -- Public Welfare -- CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT -- STANDARDS, CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT, AND PUBLIC POLICY -- Assessing the U.S. System -- Public Welfare -- U. S. International Trade Policy -- NOTES -- 2 Standards Development -- SCOPE OF THE U.S. SYSTEM -- PRIVATE-SECTOR STANDARDS -- Economic Rationale for Consensus Standardization -- Voluntary Consensus Standardization Processes -- Standards-Developing Organizations -- American National Standards Institute -- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT -- GOVERNMENT ROLE IN STANDARDIZATION -- National Institute of Standards and Technology -- Federal Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards -- Public-Private Cooperation -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 3 Conformity Assessment -- CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FRAMEWORK -- TESTING AND CERTIFICATION -- Product Testing -- Product Certification -- Private and Public Certification Programs in the United States -- QUALITY SYSTEM REGISTRATION -- ACCREDITATION AND RECOGNITION -- Accreditation Services -- Costs of Redundancy in U.S. Accreditation -- Government Recognition of Accreditation Services -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 4 International Trade -- STANDARDS, TRADE, AND U.S. ECONOMIC PROGRESS -- Standards and the Economic Benefits of Trade Expansion -- Cost of Protection: Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade -- Barriers to Trade in Key U.S. Export Markets -- MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM: THE URUGUAY ROUND -- Membership and Expansion of Scope. 327 $aCoverage of Conformity Assessment -- Extension of Coverage to Nongovernmental Organizations -- Dispute Settlement -- U.S. TRADE POLICY AND SECTION 301 -- Overview of U.S. Trade Policy Formation and Implementation -- Private-Sector Advisory Mechanisms -- Removing Standards-Related Trade Barriers: Section 301 -- MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS -- Background: Product Approval in the European Union -- U.S.-European Union MRA Negotiations -- Mutual Recognition Agreements: APEC -- U.S. EXPORT PROMOTION -- U.S. Export Promotion Policy -- Case Example: Emerging Standards and Conformity Assessment Systems in Indonesia -- A Model for Standards Assistance Activities -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 5 Recommendations to Address Future Challenges and Opportunities -- CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT -- STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT -- INTERNATIONAL TRADE -- MEETING FUTURE CHALLENGES -- NOTES -- Appendixes -- Appendix A New Developments in International Standards and Global Trade: A Conference Summary -- The Post-Uruguay Round Trade Outlook: Economic Benefits Of International Trade -- The Post-Uruguay Round Trade Outlook: Standards And Technical Barriers To Trade -- Standards And Technical Barriers To Trade: The European And Gatt Approaches -- National Standards And Conformity Assessment Systems In Overseas Markets: A U.S. Perspective -- National Standards And Conformity Assessment Systems In Overseas Markets: A European Perspective -- The Administration's Defense Acquisition Reform Policies -- The U.S. Government Role In Standards And Conformity Assessment -- A Government Agency Perspective -- A Private-Sector Perspective -- Industry-Government Cooperation in Regulation and International Standards -- Comments and Concerns -- Sectoral Case Studies: Telecommunications And Information Technology -- Telecommunications -- Information Technology. 327 $aNew Developments In International Standards And Global Trade -- Participants List -- Appendix B Legislative Request for the Study: Public Law 102-245 -- Appendix C Biographical Information on Committee and Staff -- Committee Members -- Professional Staff -- Appendix DGlossary and Acronyms -- Glossary -- Acronyms -- Appendix E Selected Bibliography -- Index. 606 $aQuality control$xStandards$zUnited States 606 $aManufactures$xQuality control$xStandards$zUnited States 615 0$aQuality control$xStandards 615 0$aManufactures$xQuality control$xStandards 676 $a658.5/62/021873 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910816711903321 996 $aStandards, conformity assessment, and trade into the 21st century$94079376 997 $aUNINA