LEADER 05129oam 2200553 450 001 9910814931203321 005 20170523091545.0 010 $a0-08-099422-9 035 $a(OCoLC)867926367 035 $a(MiFhGG)GVRL8DMH 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001161476 100 $a20140424d2014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurun|---uuuua 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aFuture energy $eimproved, sustainable and clean options for our planet /$fedited by Trevor M. Letcher, Emeritus Professor, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 205 $aSecond edition. 210 1$aLondon :$cElsevier,$d2014. 215 $a1 online resource (xxi, 716 pages) $cillustrations (some color), maps 225 0 $aGale eBooks 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-08-099424-5 311 $a1-306-13319-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; Future Energy; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; List of Contributors; I: Introduction; 1 Introduction with a Focus on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change; 1.1 Why Is It Important to Consider Our Future Energy Options?; 1.1.1 Society's Needs; 1.2 The Need for a Sustainable, Safe and Non-polluting Energy Source; 1.3 Climate Change; 1.4 Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change; 1.5 What Are Our Options for Electricity Generation?; 1.6 What Are Our Options for Transport Fuel?; 1.7 The Situation in the World Today; 1.8 How Can We Reduce the Stranglehold of Fossil Fuels? 327 $aReferencesII: Fossil Fuels (Energy Sources); 2 Conventional Oil and Gas; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Hydrocarbon Reservoirs; 2.2.1 Hydrocarbon Location and Formation Evaluation; 2.2.2 Hydrocarbon Types; 2.3 Hydrocarbon Recovery, Reserves, Production and Consumption; 2.3.1 Energy Supply and Demand; 2.3.2 Conventional Oil and Gas; 2.3.2.1 LNG and Natural Gas Processing; 2.3.2.2 Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery; 2.3.2.3 Hydraulic Fracturing and Matrix Acidizing; 2.3.2.4 Shale Hydrocarbon; 2.4 Global Warming and the Hydrocarbon Economy; 2.4.1 Energy and the Economy 327 $a2.4.2 Mitigating CO2 Emissions from Hydrocarbon Combustion2.5 Conclusion; References; 3 Coal Processing and Use for Power Generation; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Coal Reserves, Production and Use; 3.2.1 Coal Reserves and Production; 3.2.2 Coal Use; 3.3 Coal Properties; 3.3.1 Coal Composition; 3.3.2 Coal Characteristics Desired for Power Generation; 3.4 Processing of Coal Before Combustion; 3.4.1 Coal Preparation; 3.4.2 Cleaning High Sulphur Coals; 3.4.3 Removal of Other Contaminants; 3.4.4 Preparation of Ultra-Clean Coal; 3.4.5 Coal Dewatering and Drying; 3.5 Clean Coal Technologies 327 $a3.5.1 Pre-combustion Technologies3.5.2 Combustion Technologies; 3.5.3 Post-Combustion Technologies; 3.5.4 Carbon Capture and Sequestration; 3.6 Role of Coal in the Energy Mix for the Future; 3.7 Conclusions; References; 4 Frontier Oil and Gas: Deep-Water and the Arctic; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Deep-Water; 4.2.1 Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities; 4.3 Arctic; 4.4 Clathrate Hydrates; 4.4.1 Hydrates in Flow Assurance; 4.4.2 Hydrates for Energy; 4.5 Geothermal-Geopressurised Natural Gas; References; 5 Unconventional Oil and Gas: Oilsands; 5.1 Introduction 327 $a5.2 Bitumen Production from Oilsands5.2.1 Extraction of Mined Oilsands; 5.2.2 In Situ Production; 5.3 Transport Fuel Production from Bitumen; 5.4 Bitumen Characterisation; 5.4.1 Properties of Bitumen; 5.4.2 Asphaltenes; 5.5 Bitumen Upgrading Processes; 5.5.1 Visbreaking; 5.5.2 Coking; 5.5.3 Residue Hydroconversion; 5.6 Future of Oilsands; 5.6.1 Energy Use in Oilsands Production and Bitumen Upgrading; 5.6.2 Water Management in Oilsands Production; 5.6.3 Improving Bitumen Upgrading Technology; References; 6 Shale-Hosted Hydrocarbons and Hydraulic Fracturing; 6.1 Introduction 327 $a6.2 Shale-Hosted Hydrocarbons 330 $aAs the demand for global energy increases, fact-based evaluations of alternative energy sources are needed in order to address the growing interest in how energy is produced, provided, and transported in sustainable ways. Future Energy, Second Edition provides scientists and decision makers with the knowledge they need to understand the relative importance and magnitude of various energy production methods in order to make the energy decisions needed for sustaining development and dealing with climate change. The second edition of Future Energy looks at the present energy situati 606 $aPower resources 606 $aPower resources$xEnvironmental aspects 606 $aClean energy industries 606 $aRenewable energy sources 615 0$aPower resources. 615 0$aPower resources$xEnvironmental aspects. 615 0$aClean energy industries. 615 0$aRenewable energy sources. 676 $a333.79 702 $aLetcher$b T. M$g(Trevor M.), 801 0$bMiFhGG 801 1$bMiFhGG 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910814931203321 996 $aFuture energy$94082269 997 $aUNINA