LEADER 05012nam 2200733 a 450 001 9910814528303321 005 20240515214247.0 010 $a0-8047-8006-4 024 7 $a10.1515/9780804780063 035 $a(CKB)1000000000002003 035 $a(OCoLC)56119855 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10040254 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000278541 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11255530 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000278541 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10246214 035 $a(PQKB)11461701 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3037408 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3037408 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10040254 035 $a(OCoLC)923699643 035 $a(DE-B1597)582039 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780804780063 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000002003 100 $a20000926d2001 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDeficits and desires $eeconomics and sexuality in twentieth-century literature /$fMichael Tratner 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aStanford, Calif. $cStanford University Press$d2001 215 $a1 online resource (248 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a0-8047-4124-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [223]-234) and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tACKNOWLEDGMENTS --$tCONTENTS --$tIntroduction --$tPART ONE: ESCAPING RESTRICTIONS --$t1. The Freedom to Borrow in Ulysses --$t2. The Author as Consumer: --$t3. Legitimate and Illegitimate Bonds: --$tPART TWO: NEW DEALS --$t4. Consumer Cooperation, Gender Cooperation: --$t5. Love Versus Usury: --$t6. Cultural Autonomy and Consumerism: --$tCODA: ACCEPTING DEFICITS --$t7· Credit as Faith: --$tNotes --$tSelected Bibliography --$tIndex 330 $aThis book examines the effects on literary works of a little-noted economic development in the early twentieth century: individuals and governments alike began to regard going into debt as a normal and even valuable part of life. The author also shows, surprisingly, that the economic changes normalizing debt paralleled and intersected with changes in sexual discourse. In Victorian novels, sex and debt are considered dangerous activities that the young should avoid in order to save and invest toward eventual marriage and a home. In twentieth-century texts, however, it often seems acceptable to go into debt and engage in sex before marriage. These literary representations followed social transformations as both economic and sexual discourse moved from the logic of saving and production to the logic of circulation. In Keynesian economics and consumerism, governments and individuals were actually encouraged to borrow and to spend more in order to increase demand and keep money circulating. In twentieth-century sexual treatises, people were similarly encouraged to indulge their desires, as pent-up states were considered as deleterious to the physical body as they were to the economic. In this book, the author traces these social transformations by examining twentieth-century literary works and films that are structured around contrasts between repressive and expansive forms of economics and sexuality. He studies a range of authors, including James Joyce, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound, Zora Neale Hurston, and Frank Capra. The book ends with the 1960s, because after that decade deficits no longer seemed the cure for anything, and the advocacy of sexual indulgence dwindled. For half a century, however, the intersections of sexual and economic discourses created a sense that society was on the verge of a vast transformation. The artists studied in this book were fascinated by such a prospect, but remained ambivalent, as it seemed that their dreams of escaping dull bourgeois life and ending repression were becoming true because of the influence of the crassest economic policies. 606 $aAmerican literature$y20th century$xHistory and criticism 606 $aConsumption (Economics) in literature 606 $aEconomics and literature$zUnited States$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aEconomics and literature$zGreat Britain$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aEnglish literature$y20th century$xHistory and criticism 606 $aEconomics in literature 606 $aDesire in literature 606 $aSex in literature 615 0$aAmerican literature$xHistory and criticism. 615 0$aConsumption (Economics) in literature. 615 0$aEconomics and literature$xHistory 615 0$aEconomics and literature$xHistory 615 0$aEnglish literature$xHistory and criticism. 615 0$aEconomics in literature. 615 0$aDesire in literature. 615 0$aSex in literature. 676 $a810.9/355 700 $aTratner$b Michael$0938257 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910814528303321 996 $aDeficits and desires$94078985 997 $aUNINA