LEADER 04307nam 2200685 a 450 001 9910814070603321 005 20210426220852.0 010 $a0-19-162004-1 010 $a1-283-34849-7 010 $a9786613348494 010 $a0-19-161754-7 035 $a(CKB)2550000000064063 035 $a(EBL)800816 035 $a(OCoLC)760887079 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000551170 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12201333 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000551170 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10524735 035 $a(PQKB)11625484 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC800816 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL800816 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10509716 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL334849 035 $a(PPN)19004702X 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000064063 100 $a20111109d2011 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDemocratic enlightenment $ephilosophy, revolution, and human rights 1750-1790 /$fJonathan Israel 210 $aNew York $cOxford University Press$d2011 215 $a1 online resource (1083 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-19-966809-4 311 $a0-19-954820-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPt. 1: The radical challenge. Nature and providence: earthquakes and the human condition -- The Encyclope?die suppressed (1752-1760) -- Rousseau against the Philosophes -- Voltaire, enlightenment, and the European courts -- Anti-philosophes -- Central Europe: Aufkla?rung divided -- Pt. 2: Rationalizing the Ancien Re?gime. Hume, scepticism, and moderation -- Scottish enlightenment and man's 'progress' -- Enlightened despotism -- Aufkla?rung and the fracturing of German protestant culture -- Catholic enlightenment: the papacy's retreat -- Society and the rise of the Italian revolutionary enlightenment -- Spain and the challenge of reform -- Pt. 3: Europe and the remaking of the world. The Histoire philosophique, or colonialism overturned -- The American revolution -- Europe and the Amerindians -- Philosophy and revolt in Ibero-America (1765-1792) -- Commercial despotism: Dutch colonialism in Asia -- China, Japan, and the West -- India and the two enlightenments -- Russia's Greeks, Poles, and Serfs -- Pt. 4: Spinoza controversies in the later enlightenment. Rousseau, Spinoza, and the 'general will' -- Radical breakthrough -- Pantheismusstreit (1780-1787) -- Kant and the radical challenge -- Goethe, Schiller, and the new 'Dutch Revolt' against Spain -- Pt. 5: Revolution. 1788-1789: the 'general revolution' begins -- The diffusion -- 'Philosophy' as a maker of revolutions -- Aufkla?rung and the secret societies (1776-1792) -- Small-state revolutions in the 1780s -- The Dutch democratic revolution of the 1780s -- The French revolution: from 'philosophy' to basic human rights (1788-1790) -- Epilogue: 1789 as an intellectual revolution. 330 $aThe Enlightenment shaped modernity. Western values of representative democracy and basic human rights, gender and racial equality, individual liberty, and freedom of expression and the press, form an interlocking system that derives directly from the Enlightenment's philosophical revolution. This fact is uncontested - yet remarkably few historians or philosophers have attempted to trace the process of ideas from the political and social turmoil of the late eighteenth century to thepresent day. This is precisely what Jonathan Israel now does. He demonstrates that the Enlightenment was an essent 606 $aEnlightenment 606 $aDemocracy$xHistory 606 $aPhilosophy, Modern$y18th century 606 $aIntellectual life$xHistory$y18th century 607 $aEurope$xHistory$y1648-1789 607 $aEurope$xIntellectual life$y18th century 607 $aEurope$xPolitics and government$y1648-1789 615 0$aEnlightenment. 615 0$aDemocracy$xHistory. 615 0$aPhilosophy, Modern 615 0$aIntellectual life$xHistory 676 $a190.9033 700 $aIsrael$b Jonathan$f1946-$0258955 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910814070603321 996 $aDemocratic enlightenment$91553627 997 $aUNINA