LEADER 03947nam 2200649 450 001 9910813805403321 005 20230201171628.0 010 $a9781503633698$b(electronic book) 010 $a1503633691$b(electronic book) 010 $z9781503613560$b(cloth) 024 7 $a10.1515/9781503633698 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC30160277 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL30160277 035 $a(CKB)24892770000041 035 $a(DE-B1597)642273 035 $a(DE-B1597)9781503633698 035 $a(OCoLC)1353269230 035 $a(EXLCZ)9924892770000041 100 $a20230201d2023 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aShaping the bar $ethe future of attorney licensing /$fJoan W. Howarth 210 1$aStanford, California :$cStanford University Press,$d[2023] 210 4$dİ2023 215 $a1 online resource (xii, 226 pages) 300 $aIncludes index. 311 08$aPrint version: Howarth, Joan Shaping the Bar Redwood City : Stanford University Press,c2022 9781503613560 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aThe crisis in attorney licensing -- Becoming a lawyer in the young nation -- Shaping the bar in the twentieth century -- The 1970s legacy of activism, psychometrics, and good faith -- Pressure points in contemporary licensing -- Decades lost without research -- Doubling down on the errors of legal education -- Finally, research on minimum competence -- Who fits? -- Fixing character & fitness -- Twelve guiding principles -- Clinical residencies -- Asking more of law schools -- Escaping the conceptual traps of today's bar exams -- Bar exams : better, best, and other fixes. 330 $a"Joan Howarth describes how the twin gatekeepers of the legal profession -- law schools and licensers -- are failing the public with devastating consequences. Attorney licensing should be laser-focused on readiness to practice law with the minimum competence of a new attorney. According to Howarth, requirements today are both too difficult and too easy. Amid the crisis in unmet legal services, record numbers of law school graduates, disproportionately people of color, are failing bar exams that are not meaningful tests of competence to practice. At the same time, after seven years of higher education, hundreds of thousands of dollars of law school debt, two months of cramming legal rules, and success on a bar exam, a candidate can be licensed to practice law without having been in a law office or even seen a lawyer with a client. Howarth makes the case that the licensing rituals familiar to generations of lawyers -- unfocused law degrees and obsolete bar exams -- are protecting members of the profession more than the public. Beyond explaining the failures of the current system, this book presents the latest research on competent lawyering and examples of better approaches. This book presents the path forward by means of licensing changes to protect the public while building an inclusive, diverse, competent, ethical profession"--Publisher's description. 606 $aAdmission to the bar$zUnited States 606 $aBar examinations$zUnited States 606 $aLaw$xStudy and teaching$zUnited States 610 $abar exams. 610 $acompetence. 610 $adisparities. 610 $alaw schools. 610 $alegal profession. 610 $alicensing. 610 $aminimum competence. 610 $apsychometrics. 610 $apublic protection. 610 $atesting. 615 0$aAdmission to the bar 615 0$aBar examinations 615 0$aLaw$xStudy and teaching 676 $a344.730176134 700 $aHowarth$b Joan W.$01722802 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910813805403321 996 $aShaping the bar$94123496 997 $aUNINA