LEADER 11827oam 2200745 a 450 001 9910813190603321 005 20240410170427.0 010 $a1-61470-071-0 035 $a(CKB)2670000000136578 035 $a(EBL)3019470 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000690236 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12267011 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000690236 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10623781 035 $a(PQKB)11384195 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3019470 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3019470 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10671035 035 $a(OCoLC)768111293 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000136578 100 $a20091109d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aImpacts of climate change on transportation and infrastructure $ea Gulf Coast study /$fIason Pavlopoulos, editor 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aNew York :$cNova Science Publishers,$d2010. 215 $a1 online resource (357 pages) 225 1 $aClimate change and its causes, effects and prediction 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a1-60741-424-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE A GULF COAST STUDY -- IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE A GULF COAST STUDY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY? -- ABSTRACT -- THE GULF COAST STUDY AREA -- Physical and Natural Environment -- The Gulf Coast Transportation Network -- THE GULF COAST CLIMATE IS CHANGING -- CLIMATE CHANGE HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR GULF COAST TRANSPORTATION -- CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS NEED TO BE INCORPORATED IN TRANSPORTATION DECISIONS -- Transportation Planning Processes -- New Approaches to Incorporate Climate Information -- Adaptation Strategies -- FUTURE RESEARCH WOULD BENEFIT DECISION MAKERS -- Chapter 1 WHY STUDY CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON TRANSPORTATION? -- 1.1. THE CLIMATE IS CHANGING -- 1.2. HOW WILL CHANGES IN CLIMATE AFFECT TRANSPORTATION? -- 1.2.1. What Are the Challenges to Research? -- 1.3. STATE OF SCIENCE REGARDING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON TRANSPORTATION -- 1.3.1. Overview of State of Practice -- 1.3.2. Major Sponsors Conducting Related Research -- 1.3.3. State of Technical Analysis -- 1.3.4. Impacts, Assessment, and Adaptation -- 1.3.5. Direct Climate Impacts on Transportation Addressed in Existing Literature -- Increasing Temperatures -- Increasing Precipitation -- Rising Sea Levels -- Changes in Storm Activity -- 1.3.6. Indirect Climate Impacts on Transportation Addressed in Existing Literature -- Economic -- Environmental -- Demographic -- Security -- 1.3.7. Decision Making Processes and Tools -- Institutional Changes -- Uncertainty and Probability -- Approaches to Risk Analysis and Impact Assessment -- 1.4. CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM CURRENT LITERATURE ON THE STATE OF RESEARCH -- 1.5. GULF COAST STUDY SELECTION, OBJECTIVES, AND ORGANIZATION -- 1.5.1. Study Selection -- 1.5.2. Gulf Coast Study Objectives and Three Phases. 327 $a1.5.3. Study Organization and Oversight -- 1.5.4. Characterizing Uncertainty -- 1.6. SOURCES -- 1.6.1. References -- 1.6.2. Background Sources -- Chapter 2 WHY STUDY THE GULF COAST? -- 2.1. OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY REGION -- 2.1.1. Regional and National Significance -- 2.1.2. Study Area Boundaries -- 2.1.3. Structure of This Chapter -- 2.2. THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN THE GULF COAST REGION -- 2.2.1. Overview of the Intermodal Transportation System in the Gulf Coast Region -- Passenger Travel -- Freight Transport -- Intermodal Facilities -- Emergency Management -- 2.2.2. Modal Characteristics -- Highways -- Highway Network and Usage -- Intermodal Connectors -- Bridges -- Other Facilities -- Transit -- Fixed Guideway (Light Rail) -- Fixed-Route Buses -- Paratransit -- Other Facilities -- Rail -- Freight Rail -- Passenger Rail -- Marine Facilities and Waterways -- Freight Handling Ports and Waterways -- Waterborne Freight Types and Volumes -- Key Commodities and Industries -- Nonfreight Marine Facilities -- Aviation -- Pipelines -- 2.3. GULF COAST PHYSICAL SETTING AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT -- 2.3.1. Geomorphology -- 2.3.2. Current Elevation and Subsidence -- 2.3.3. Sediment Erosion, Accretion, and Transport -- 2.3.4. Land Use and Land Cover -- 2.4. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SETTING -- 2.4.1. Population and Development Trends -- 2.4.2. Employment, Businesses, and Economic Drivers -- 2.4.3. Societal Vulnerability -- 2.5. CONCLUSION -- 2.6. SOURCES -- 2.6.1. References -- 2.6.2. Background Sources -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 HOW IS THE GULF COAST CLIMATE CHANGING? -- Intended Use of Climate and Emissions Scenarios in the Context of This Report -- 3.1. TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION, AND RUNOFF -- 3.1.1. Historical Data Sources -- 3.1.2. General Circulation Model Applications for the Study Area -- 3.1.3. Water-Balance Model -- 3.1.4. Temperature and Runoff Trends. 327 $a3.1.5. General Circulation Model Results and Future Climate Scenarios -- 3.1.6. Changes in Daily Temperature -- 3.1.7. Changes in Specific Temperature Maxima Affecting Transportation -- 3.1.8. Increasing Daily Precipitation Extremes -- 3.2. HURRICANES AND LESS INTENSE TROPICAL STORMS -- 3.2.1. Assessing Trends in Historical Hurricane Frequency and Intensity -- 3.2.2. Gulf Coast Hurricane History -- 3.2.3. HURASIM: Model Application -- 3.2.4. Historical Storm Frequency Across the Northern Gulf Coast Study Region -- 3.2.5. Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Hurricane Landfall -- 3.2.6. Patterns of Hurricane Wind Direction -- 3.2.7. Modeling Climate Change Effects on Tropical Cyclones into the 21st Century -- 3.3. SEA LEVEL RISE AND SUBSIDENCE -- 3.3.1. Historical and Projected Global Sea Level Trends -- 3.3.2. Tide Records, Sea Level Trends, and Subsidence Rates along the Central Gulf Coast -- 3.3.3. Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the Central Gulf Coast Region -- 3.4. STORM SURGE -- 3.4.1. Predicting Storm Surge with the SLOSH Model -- 3.4.2. Future Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Height -- 3.5. OTHER ASPECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR GULF COAST TRANSPORTATION -- 3.5.1. Wind and Wave Regime -- 3.5.2. Humidity and Cloudiness -- 3.5.3. Convective Activity -- 3.6. CONCLUSION -- 3.7. REFERENCES -- End Notes -- Chapter 4 WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY FOR GULF COAST TRANSPORTATION? -- 4.1. CLIMATE DRIVERS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM -- 4.1.1. Effects of Warming Temperatures -- 4.1.2. Effects of Precipitation Levels and Patterns -- Precipitation and Runoff -- 4.1.3. Relative Sea Level Rise -- Background -- Impact on Transportation -- 4.1.4. Storm Activity -- 4.1.5. Climate Impacts on Freight Transport -- 4.2. CLIMATE IMPACTS ON TRANSPORTATION MODES -- 4.2.1. Highways -- Temperature -- Precipitation. 327 $aRelative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity -- Surge Wave Crests and Effects on Bridges -- Surge Inundation -- Wind -- 4.2.2. Transit -- Temperature -- Precipitation -- Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity -- Storm Winds -- Storm Waves -- 4.2.3. Freight and Passenger Rail -- Temperature -- Precipitation -- Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity -- Railroad Response to Hurricane Damage -- 4.2.4. Marine Facilities and Waterways -- Higher Temperatures -- Precipitation -- Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity: Water and Wind Damage -- Secondary Impacts -- 4.2.5. Aviation -- Temperature -- Runway Design and Utilization -- General Aviation -- Commercial Service Airports -- Temperature Conclusions -- Precipitation -- Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity -- 4.2.6. Pipelines -- Importance of Pipeline Operations in the Study Area -- Temperature -- Precipitation Changes -- Storm Impact Preparation, Mitigation, and Response -- Hurricane Damage Studies -- Storm Activity: Erosion -- Storm Activity: Increased Storm Severity -- Secondary Impacts -- 4.2.7. Implications for Transportation Emergency Management -- Temperature -- Relative Sea Level Rise -- Storm Activity -- Other Considerations Affecting the Success of Emergency Management -- Adapting Emergency Management Plans -- Interdependent Communications Infrastructure -- Traffic Management -- Critical Care Facilities and Shelters for Those with Special Needs -- Local Development Policies -- Fiscal Impacts -- 4.3. IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION: CASE EXAMPLES IN THE STUDY REGION -- 4.3.1. Impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on Transportation Infrastructure -- Roads -- Rail -- Ports -- Airports -- Pipelines -- 4.3.2. Evacuation during Hurricane Rita -- 4.3.3. Elevating Louisiana Highway 1 -- 4.4. CONCLUSION -- Data and Research Opportunities -- 4.5. SOURCES -- 4.5.1. References -- End Notes. 327 $aChapter 5 HOW CAN TRANSPORTATION PROFESSIONALS INCORPORATE CLIMATE CHANGE IN TRANSPORTATION DECISIONS? -- 5.1. CONSIDERING CLIMATE CHANGE IN LONG-RANGE PLANNING AND INVESTMENT -- 5.1.1. Overview of the Surface Transportation Planning and Investment Processes -- The Federal Surface Transportation Planning Process -- Coordination in Transportation Planning -- 5.1.2. Current State of Practice in Incorporating Climate Change Considerations -- State and Metropolitan Planning Organization Plans and Planning Activities -- Site Interviews with Transportation Representatives in the Gulf Coast Region -- 5.1.3. Challenges and Opportunities to Integrating Climate Information -- Timeframes -- Land Use -- Institutional Arrangements -- A New Approach -- 5.2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON TRANSPORTATION -- 5.2.1. Factors of Concern: Exposure, Vulnerability, Resilience, and Adaptation -- 5.2.2. Framework for Assessing Local Climate Change Impacts on Transportation -- Needed Data -- Outcomes -- Making Use of Risk Assessment in Transportation Decisions -- 5.3. CONCLUSION -- 5.4. SOURCES -- 5.4.1. References -- 5.4.2. Background Sources -- End Notes -- Chapter 6 WHAT ARE THE KEY CONCLUSIONS OF THIS STUDY? -- 6.1. TRENDS IN CLIMATE AND COASTAL CHANGE -- 6.2. TRANSPORTATION IMPACTS -- 6.3. IMPLICATIONS FOR PLANNING -- 6.4. FUTURE NEEDS -- 6.5. REFERENCES -- Appendix A GULF COAST STUDY GIS DATASETS -- Appendix B ADDITIONAL DATA ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SETTING -- Appendix C ADDITIONAL RAIL DATA -- Appendix D WATER BALANCE MODEL PROCEDURES -- REFERENCES -- Appendix E HURASIM MODEL DESCRIPTION -- REFERENCES -- Appendix F PROJECTING FUTURE SEA LEVEL RISE WITH THE SLRRP MODEL -- REFERENCES -- LIST OF SELECTED ACRONYMS -- GLOSSARY OF TERMS -- Accretion -- Adaptation -- Adaptation Assessment -- Adaptation Benefits -- Adaptation Costs. 327 $aAdaptive Capacity. 410 0$aClimate change and its causes, effects, and prediction series. 606 $aRoads$xDesign and construction$xClimatic factors$zGulf Coast (U.S.) 606 $aClimatic changes$zGulf Coast (U.S.) 606 $aStorms$zGulf Coast (U.S.) 606 $aFloods$zGulf Coast (U.S.) 606 $aSustainable engineering$zGulf Coast (U.S.) 606 $aTransportation$xEnvironmental aspects$zGulf Coast (U.S.) 606 $aInfrastructure (Economics)$zGulf Coast (U.S.) 607 $aGulf Coast (U.S.)$xClimate 615 0$aRoads$xDesign and construction$xClimatic factors 615 0$aClimatic changes 615 0$aStorms 615 0$aFloods 615 0$aSustainable engineering 615 0$aTransportation$xEnvironmental aspects 615 0$aInfrastructure (Economics) 676 $a388.0976 701 $aPavlopoulos$b Iason$01702540 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910813190603321 996 $aImpacts of climate change on transportation and infrastructure$94087124 997 $aUNINA