LEADER 08497nam 2200613 450 001 9910813107803321 005 20211028174132.0 010 $a3-642-96469-9 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-642-96469-5 035 $a(CKB)3400000000110085 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001247991 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11822077 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001247991 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11196105 035 $a(PQKB)11060954 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-642-96469-5 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3097953 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6556306 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6556306 035 $a(OCoLC)1255232208 035 $a(PPN)238044025 035 $a(EXLCZ)993400000000110085 100 $a20211028d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn|008mamaa 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aSynergetics $ean introduction : nonequilibrium phase transitions and self-organization in physics, chemistry, and biology /$fHermann Haken 205 $a2nd ed. 1978. 210 1$aBerlin, Heidelberg :$cSpringer-Verlag,$d[2012] 210 4$d©2012 215 $a1 online resource (359 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aSpringer Series in Synergetics,$x0172-7389 ;$v1 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a3-540-08866-0 311 $a3-642-96471-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a1. Goal -- 1.1 Order and Disorder: Some Typical Phenomena -- 1.2 Some Typical Problems and Difficulties -- 1.3 How We Shall Proceed -- 2. Probability -- 2.1 Object of Our Investigations: The Sample Space -- 2.2 Random Variables -- 2.3 Probability -- 2.4 Distribution -- 2.5 Random Variables with Densities -- 2.6 Joint Probability -- 2.7 Mathematical Expectation E(X), and Moments -- 2.8 Conditional Probabilities -- 2.9 Independent and Dependent Random Variables -- 2.10*Generating Functions and Characteristic Functions -- 2.11 A Special Probability Distribution: Binomial Distribution -- 2.12 The Poisson Distribution -- 2.13 The Normal Distribution (Gaussian Distribution) -- 2.14 Stirling?s Formula -- 2.15*Central Limit Theorem -- 3. Information -- 3.1 Some Basic Ideas -- 3.2* Information Gain: An Illustrative Derivation -- 3.3 Information Entropy and Constraints -- 3.4 An Example from Physics: Thermodynamics -- 3.5* An Approach to Irreversible Thermodynamics -- 3.6 Entropy?Curse of Statistical Mechanics? -- 4. Chance -- 4.1 A Model of Brownian Movement -- 4.2 The Random Walk Model and Its Master Equation -- 4.3* Joint Probability and Paths. Markov Processes. The Chapman-Kolmogorov Equation. Path Integrals -- 4.4* How to Use Joint Probabilities. Moments. Characteristic Function. Gaussian Processes -- 4.5 The Master Equation -- 4.6 Exact Stationary Solution of the Master Equation for Systems in Detailed Balance -- 4.7* The Master Equation with Detailed Balance. Symmetrization, Eigenvalues and Eigenstates -- 4.8* Kirchhoff?s Method of Solution of the Master Equation -- 4.9* Theorems about Solutions of the Master Equation -- 4.10 The Meaning of Random Processes. Stationary State, Fluctuations, Recurrence Time -- 4.11*Master Equation and Limitations of Irreversible Thermodynamics -- 5. Necessity -- 5.1 Dynamic Processes -- 5.2* Critical Points and Trajectories in a Phase Plane. Once Again Limit Cycles -- 5.3* Stability -- 5.4 Examples and Exercises on Bifurcation and Stability -- 5.5* Classification of Static Instabilities, or an Elementary Approach to Thorn?s Theory of Catastrophes -- 6. Chance and Necessity -- 6.1 Langevin Equations: An Example -- 6.2* Reservoirs and Random Forces -- 6.3 The Fokker-Planck Equation -- 6.4 Some Properties and Stationary Solutions of the Fokker-Planck Equation -- 6.5 Time-Dependent Solutions of the Fokker-Planck Equation -- 6.6* Solution of the Fokker-Planck Equation by Path Integrals -- 6.7 Phase Transition Analogy -- 6.8 Phase Transition Analogy in Continuous Media: Space-Dependent Order Parameter -- 7. Self-Organization -- 7.1 Organization -- 7.2 Self-Organization -- 7.3 The Role of Fluctuations: Reliability or Adaptibility? Switching -- 7.4* Adiabatic Elimination of Fast Relaxing Variables from the Fokker-Planck Equation -- 7.5* Adiabatic Elimination of Fast Relaxing Variables from the Master Equation -- 7.6 Self-Organization in Continuously Extended Media. An Outline of the Mathematical Approach -- 7.7* Generalized Ginzburg-Landau Equations for Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions -- 7.8* Higher-Order Contributions to Generalized Ginzburg-Landau Equations -- 7.9* Scaling Theory of Continuously Extended Nonequilibrium Systems -- 7.10*Soft-Mode Instability -- 7.1 l*Hard-Mode Instability -- 8. Physical Systems -- 8.1 Cooperative Effects in the Laser: Self-Organization and Phase Transition -- 8.2 The Laser Equations in the Mode Picture -- 8.3 The Order Parameter Concept -- 8.4 The Single-Mode Laser -- 8.5 The Multimode Laser -- 8.6 Laser with Continuously Many Modes. Analogy with Superconductivity -- 8.7 First-Order Phase Transitions of the Single-Mode Laser -- 8.8 Hierarchy of Laser Instabilities and Ultrashort Laser Pulses -- 8.9 Instabilities in Fluid Dynamics: The Bénard and Taylor Problems -- 8.10 The Basic Equations -- 8.11 Damped and Neutral Solutions (R ? Rc) -- 8.12 Solution Near R = Rc (Nonlinear Domain). Effective Langevin Equations -- 8.13 The Fokker-Planck Equation and Its Stationary Solution -- 8.14 A Model for the Statistical Dynamics of the Gunn Instability Near Threshold -- 8.15 Elastic Stability: Outline of Some Basic Ideas -- 9. Chemical and Biochemical Systems -- 9.1 Chemical and Biochemical Reactions -- 9.2 Deterministic Processes, Without Diffusion, One Variable -- 9.3 Reaction and Diffusion Equations -- 9.4 Reaction-Diffusion Model with Two or Three Variables: The Brusselator and the Oregonator -- 9.5 Stochastic Model for a Chemical Reaction Without Diffusion. Birth and Death Processes. One Variable -- 9.6 Stochastic Model for a Chemical Reaction with Diffusion. One Variable -- 9.7* Stochastic Treatment of the Brusselator Close to Its Soft-Mode Instability -- 9.8 Chemical Networks -- 10. Applications to Biology -- 10.1 Ecology, Population-Dynamics -- 10.2 Stochastic Models for a Predator-Prey System -- 10.3 A Simple Mathematical Model for Evolutionary Processes -- 10.4 A Model for Morphogenesis -- 10.5 Order Parameters and Morphogenesis -- 10.6 Some Comments on Models of Morphogenesis -- 11. Sociology: A Stochastic Model for the Formation of Public Opinion -- 12. Chaos -- 12.1 What is Chaos? -- 12.2 The Lorenz Model. Motivation and Realization -- 12.3 How Chaos Occurs -- 12.4 Chaos and the Failure of the Slaving Principle -- 12.5 Correlation Function and Frequency Distribution -- 12.6 Further Examples of Chaotic Motion -- 13. Some Historical Remarks and Outlook -- References, Further Reading and Comments. 330 $aThe publication of this second edition was motivated by several facts. First of all, the first edition had been sold out in less than one year. It had found excellent critics and enthusiastic responses from professors and students welcoming this new interdisciplinary approach. This appreciation is reflected by the fact that the book is presently translated into Russian and Japanese also. I have used this opportunity to include some of the most interesting recent developments. Therefore I have added a whole new chapter on the fascinating and rapidly growing field of chaos dealing with irregular motion caused by deterministic forces. This kind of phenomenon is presently found in quite diverse fields ranging from physics to biology. Furthermore I have included a section on the analytical treatment of a morphogenetic model using the order parameter concept developed in this book. Among the further additions, there is now a complete description of the onset of ultrashort laser pulses. It goes without· saying that the few minor mis­ prints or errors of the first edition have been corrected. I wish to thank all who have helped me to incorporate these additions. 410 0$aSpringer Series in Synergetics,$x0172-7389 ;$v1 606 $aSelf-organizing systems 606 $aSynergetics 615 0$aSelf-organizing systems. 615 0$aSynergetics. 676 $a003.7 700 $aHaken$b H.$017714 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910813107803321 996 $aSynergetics$9124876 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01635nam 2200289z- 450 001 9911006863703321 005 20250228155108.0 010 $a9781523161782 010 $a1523161787 035 $a(CKB)5860000000546255 035 $a(EXLCZ)995860000000546255 100 $a20241001c2024uuuu -u- - 101 0 $aeng 200 10$aMachinery's handbook pocket companion $equick access to basic data & more from the 32nd edition /$fRichard P. Pohanish and Christopher J. McCauley ; Laura Brengelman, editor 210 $cIndustrial Press 311 08$a9780831151324 311 08$a0831151323 327 $aMathematical formulas and tables -- Measurement and inspection -- Standard tapers -- Threads -- Fastener information -- Cutter fluids -- Drilling and reaming -- Tapping -- Speeds and feeds -- Milling cutters -- Keys and keyseats -- Broaching -- Cutting tools for turning -- Machining operations -- CNC (computer numerical control) -- Grinding wheels -- Gearing -- Properties of materials -- Standards for drawings -- Surface texture -- Corrosion -- Allowances and tolerances -- Conversion factors 606 $aMechanical engineering$vHandbooks, manuals, etc$3http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2008107591 615 0$aMechanical engineering 700 $aPohanish$b Richard P$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0885890 702 $aMcCauley$b Christopher J$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 702 $aBrengelman$b Laura$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edt 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911006863703321 996 $aMachinery's handbook pocket companion$94388562 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04001nam 22008172 450 001 9910956796603321 005 20151005020621.0 010 $a1-107-13475-7 010 $a1-280-15975-8 010 $a0-511-12087-7 010 $a0-511-04267-1 010 $a0-511-14830-5 010 $a0-511-33027-8 010 $a0-511-48448-8 010 $a0-511-04590-5 035 $a(CKB)1000000000002439 035 $a(EBL)202292 035 $a(OCoLC)475917477 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000144736 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11160457 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000144736 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10167527 035 $a(PQKB)10517818 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000943187 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12392838 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000943187 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10975257 035 $a(PQKB)10735628 035 $a(UkCbUP)CR9780511484483 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC202292 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL202292 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10030939 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL15975 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000002439 100 $a20090224d2002|||| uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aEighteenth-century fiction and the law of property /$fWolfram Schmidgen 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aCambridge :$cCambridge University Press,$d2002. 215 $a1 online resource (viii, 266 pages) $cdigital, PDF file(s) 300 $aTitle from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015). 311 08$a0-521-02459-5 311 08$a0-521-81702-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 246-261) and index. 327 $tCommunal form and the transitional culture of the eighteenth-century novel --$tTerra nullius, cannibalism, and the natural law of appropriation in Robinson Crusoe --$tHenry Fielding and the common law of plenitude --$tCommodity fetishism in heterogeneous spaces --$tAnn Radcliffe and the political economy of Gothic space --$tScottish law and Waverley's museum of property. 330 $aIn Eighteenth-Century Fiction and the Law of Property, Wolfram Schmidgen draws on legal and economic writings to analyse the description of houses, landscapes, and commodities in eighteenth-century fiction. His study argues that such descriptions are important to the British imagination of community. By making visible what it means to own something, they illuminate how competing concepts of property define the boundaries of the individual, of social community, and of political systems. In this way, Schmidgen recovers description as a major feature of eighteenth-century prose, and he makes his case across a wide range of authors, including Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding, William Blackstone, Adam Smith, and Ann Radcliffe. The book's most incisive theoretical contribution lies in its careful insistence on the unity of the human and the material: in Schmidgen's argument, persons and things are inescapably entangled. This approach produces fresh insights into the relationship between law, literature, and economics. 517 3 $aEighteenth-Century Fiction & the Law of Property 606 $aEnglish fiction$y18th century$xHistory and criticism 606 $aLaw and literature$xHistory$y18th century 606 $aDwellings in literature 606 $aLandscapes in literature 606 $aProperty in literature 606 $aLaw in literature 615 0$aEnglish fiction$xHistory and criticism. 615 0$aLaw and literature$xHistory 615 0$aDwellings in literature. 615 0$aLandscapes in literature. 615 0$aProperty in literature. 615 0$aLaw in literature. 676 $a823.609355 700 $aSchmidgen$b Wolfram$01843832 801 0$bUkCbUP 801 1$bUkCbUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910956796603321 996 $aEighteenth-century fiction and the law of property$94425711 997 $aUNINA