LEADER 04667nam 22007814a 450 001 9910812872803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-42657-5 010 $a9786612426575 010 $a0-226-31453-7 024 7 $a10.7208/9780226314532 035 $a(CKB)1000000000817820 035 $a(EBL)471875 035 $a(OCoLC)474981125 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000777518 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12387411 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000777518 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10757464 035 $a(PQKB)10088275 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000339790 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11274405 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000339790 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10341488 035 $a(PQKB)11013186 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0000119093 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC471875 035 $a(DE-B1597)524818 035 $a(OCoLC)1135584427 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780226314532 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL471875 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10349947 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL242657 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000817820 100 $a20040203d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aLesser harms $ethe morality of risk in medical research /$fSydney A. Halpern 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aChicago $cUniversity of Chicago Press$d2004 215 $a1 online resource (246 p.) 225 1 $aMorality and society series 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-226-31452-9 311 $a0-226-31451-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 209-222) and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tAcknowledgments --$tAbbreviations --$tIntroduction --$t1. The Origins of a Moral Logic of Risk --$t2. Negotiating Moral Boundaries: The Polio Vaccines of 1934-1935 --$t3. Research Sponsors and the Culture of Risk --$t4. Formalizing Responses to Research Hazards --$t5. The Social Nature of Moral Action --$t6. Moral Traditions in an Era of Government Oversight --$tNotes --$tSelected Bibliography --$tIndex 330 $aResearch physicians face intractable dilemmas when they consider introducing new medical procedures. Innovations carry the promise of preventing or curing life-threatening diseases, but they can also lead to injury or even death. How have clinical scientists made high-stakes decisions about undertaking human tests of new medical treatments? In Lesser Harms, Sydney Halpern explores this issue as she examines vaccine trials in America during the early and mid-twentieth century. Today's scientists follow federal guidelines for research on human subjects developed during the 1960's and 1970's. But long before these government regulations, medical investigators observed informal rules when conducting human research. They insisted that the dangers of natural disease should outweigh the risks of a medical intervention, and they struggled to accurately assess the relative hazards. Halpern explores this logic of risk in immunization controversies extending as far back as the eighteenth century. Then, focusing on the period between 1930 and 1960, she shows how research physicians and their sponsors debated the moral quandaries involved in moving vaccine use from the laboratory to the clinic. This probing work vividly describes the efforts of clinical investigators to balance the benefits and dangers of untested vaccines, to respond to popular sentiment about medical hazards, and to strategically present risk laden research to sponsors and the public. "Concise and extremely well-written. . . . A fascinating synthesis of sociology, history, and institutional theory."-Samuel C. Blackman, Journal of the American Medical Association 410 0$aMorality and society. 606 $aHuman experimentation in medicine$xMoral and ethical aspects$zUnited States 606 $aMedicine$xResearch$xMoral and ethical aspects$zUnited States 606 $aMedicine$xResearch$xLaw and legislation$zUnited States 606 $aPoliomyelitis vaccine$xResearch$xMoral and ethical aspects$zUnited States 615 0$aHuman experimentation in medicine$xMoral and ethical aspects 615 0$aMedicine$xResearch$xMoral and ethical aspects 615 0$aMedicine$xResearch$xLaw and legislation 615 0$aPoliomyelitis vaccine$xResearch$xMoral and ethical aspects 676 $a174.2/8 700 $aHalpern$b Sydney A$g(Sydney Ann)$01723939 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910812872803321 996 $aLesser harms$94125609 997 $aUNINA