LEADER 04338nam 2200601Ia 450 001 9910812311103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8122-0231-7 024 7 $a10.9783/9780812202311 035 $a(CKB)2670000000418293 035 $a(OCoLC)859161058 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10748605 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse26723 035 $a(DE-B1597)449089 035 $a(OCoLC)1013947899 035 $a(OCoLC)979778770 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780812202311 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3442173 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10748605 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL682350 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3442173 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000418293 100 $a20061221d2007 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aChechnya $efrom nationalism to jihad /$fJames Hughes 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aPhiladelphia $cUniversity of Pennsylvania Press$dc2007 215 $a1 online resource (297 p.) 225 0$aNational and ethnic conflict in the 21st century 300 $aSeries from jacket. 311 $a1-322-51068-7 311 $a0-8122-2030-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [251]-268) and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tPreface --$tChapter 1. The Causes of Conflict --$tChapter 2. Russia's Refederalization and Chechnya's Secession --$tChapter 3. A Secular Nationalist Conflict --$tChapter 4. Dual Radicalization: The Making of Jihad --$tChapter 5. Chechnya and the Meaning of Terrorism --$tChapter 6. Chechnya and the Study of Conflict --$tChapter 7. Conclusion --$tAppendix 1 --$tAppendix 2 --$tNotes --$tBibliography --$tIndex --$tAcknowledgments 330 $aThe sheer scale and brutality of the hostilities between Russia and Chechnya stand out as an exception in the mostly peaceful breakup of the Soviet Union. Chechnya: From Nationalism to Jihad provides a fascinating analysis of the transformation of secular nationalist resistance in a nominally Islamic society into a struggle that is its antithesis, jihad. Hughes locates Chechen nationalism within the wider movement for national self-determination that followed the collapse of the Soviet empire. When negotiations failed in the early 1990's, political violence was instrumentalized to consolidate opposing nationalist visions of state-building in Russia and Chechnya. The resistance in Chechnya also occurred in a regional context where Russian hegemony over the Caucasus, especially the resources of the Caspian basin, was in retreat, and in an international context of rising Islamic radicalism. Alongside Bosnia, Kashmir, and other conflicts, Chechnya became embedded in Osama Bin Laden's repertoire of jihadist rhetoric against the "West." It was not simply Russia's destruction of a nationalist option for Chechnya, or "Wahabbist" infiltration from without, that created the political space for Islamism. Rather, we must look also at how the conflict was fought. The lack of proportionality and discrimination in the use of violence, particularly by Russia, accelerated and intensified the Islamic radicalization and thereby transformed the nature of the conflict. This nuanced and balanced study provides a much-needed antidote to the mythologizing of Chechen resistance before, and its demonization after, 9/11. The conflict in Chechnya involves one of the most contentious issues in contemporary international politics-how do we differentiate between the legitimate use of violence to resist imperialism, occupation, and misgovernment, and the use of terrorism against legitimate rule? This book sets out indispensable lessons for understanding conflicts involving the volatile combination of nationalist insurgency, jihad, and terrorism, most notably for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. 606 $aNationalism$zRussia (Federation)$zChechnia 606 $aRadicalism$zRussia (Federation)$zChechnia 607 $azChechnia (Russia)$xHistory$yCivil War, 1994- 615 0$aNationalism 615 0$aRadicalism 676 $a947.5/2 700 $aHughes$b James$f1959-$01614842 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910812311103321 996 $aChechnya$93944812 997 $aUNINA