LEADER 06946nam 2200709 a 450 001 9910812037703321 005 20240416234931.0 010 $a1-280-19152-X 010 $a9786610191529 010 $a0-309-57942-2 010 $a0-585-14480-X 035 $a(CKB)110986584752044 035 $a(OCoLC)44964039 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056957 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000155357 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11152882 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000155357 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10111595 035 $a(PQKB)11630810 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376681 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376681 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10056957 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL19152 035 $a(OCoLC)817958953 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584752044 100 $a19970813d1997 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aFire suppression substitutes and alternatives to halon for U.S. Navy applications /$fCommittee on Assessment of Fire Suppression Substitutes and Alternatives to Halon, Naval Studies Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1997 215 $a1 online resource (110 p.) 225 1 $aThe compass series 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-309-05782-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aFire Suppression Substitutes and Alternatives to Halon for U.S. Navy Applications -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- APPROACH AND SCOPE OF STUDY -- KEY FINDINGS -- CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT -- 1 Introduction -- REFERENCES -- 2 Assessment of Research on Alternatives for Halon -- CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE FIRE SUPPRESSION AGENTS -- Fire Suppression Models-Chemical and Physical Mechanisms -- Manufacturability of Commercially Available Halocarbon Fire Suppression Agents -- Synthesis of Alternative Fire Suppression Agents -- Effectiveness of Alternative Commercially Available Fire Suppression Agents -- TOXICOLOGY ISSUES -- BRIEF OVERVIEW OF STUDIES ON HALON SUBSTITUTES AND MECHANISMS -- FINDINGS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Atmospheric Chemistry and Evaluation of Environmental Effects of Fire Suppressants -- REDUCTION OF OZONE-MECHANISMS AND EFFECTS -- ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME, OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL, AND GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL AS INDICATORS OF... -- Atmospheric Lifetime -- Potential Effects on Ozone -- Effectiveness of Chlorine and Bromine in Ozone Destruction -- How Much Have Halons Affected Stratospheric Ozone? -- Ozone Depletion Potential -- Potential Effects on Climate -- Radiative Forcing -- Relative Radiative Forcing per Molecule or Mass -- What Effects Could Replacements for Halons Have on Climatic Change? -- Global Warming Potential -- Summary -- OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS -- Estimating Atmospheric Concentrations of Intermediate Degradation Products -- Estimating the Concentrations of the Intermediate Products on the Ground -- Degradation Pathways for Candidate Alternative Fire Extinguishing Agents -- Degradation Pathways for Halomethanes and Haloethanes -- Degradation Schemes for Halopropanes -- Atmospheric Degradation of Perfluorocarbons. 327 $aAssessment of the Environmental Impacts-ODP and GWP-of the Intermediate Products -- Accumulation of Degradation Products in the Biosphere -- REFERENCES -- 4 Navy-Specific Issues -- SHIP SYSTEMS -- Summary of Halon 1301 Ship Installations -- Investment in Ship Halon Systems -- Fire Extinguishing Systems for New-Design Ships -- HFC-227ea -- Water Mist -- AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS -- Summary of Halon 1301 Aircraft Installations -- Investment in Aircraft Halon 1301 Systems -- Fire Extinguishing Systems for New-Design Aircraft -- HFC-125 -- Inert Gas Generator Technology -- F/A-18E/F Engine Nacelle/Dry Bay -- V-22 Midwing Protection -- Inert Gas Generator Development Summary -- NAVY HALON INVENTORY -- RETROFITTING NON-HALON SYSTEMS IN EXISTING SHIPS AND AIRCRAFT -- Ship Retrofit -- HFC-227ea Systems -- Water Mist Systems -- Technical Feasibility and Cost -- Aircraft Retrofit -- SUMMARY, FINDINGS, AND RECOMMENDATION -- Options -- Recommendation -- Appendix A Halon Use by the Navy -- WHY HALON? A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW -- Ships -- Aircraft -- SHIP FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS -- Machinery Space Fires -- Extinguishing Systems -- Halons -- Aqueous Film-Forming Foam -- Other Fire Fighting Measures -- How a Shipboard Halon 1301 System Works -- Shipboard Spaces Where Halon 1301 Systems Are Installed -- AIRCRAFT FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS -- Fires Aboard Aircraft -- Typical Halon 1301 Aircraft Engine Fire Extinguishing System -- Appendix B Regulation of Halon and Halon Replacements -- U.S. REGULATION OF HALONS AND HALON SUBSTITUTES -- ALTERNATIVES TO USE OF HALONS -- HALON BANG -- REFERENCES -- Appendix C Stability and Materials Compatibility of Candidate Replacements for Halon -- STORAGE STABILITY -- EFFECTS OF HALON-LIKE ALTERNATIVE AGENTS ON ORGANIC MATERIALS AND METALS -- Storage Considerations -- Effects on Plastics and Other Organic Materials. 327 $aEffects of Discharged Agents on Metals -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D Water Mist Fire Suppression Technology -- THEORETICAL AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS -- RECENT TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES -- Misting/Atomization Technology -- U.S. Navy Water Mist Technology -- Commercial Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems -- EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF WATER MIST SYSTEMS -- Naval Research Laboratory, Small Compartment Testing -- Naval Research Laboratory, Machinery Space Testing -- U.S. Coast Guard, Machinery Space Testing -- Factory Mutual Gas Turbine Enclosure Testing -- National Research Council of Canada -- Sintef (Norway) -- CURRENT STATUS OF WATER MIST SYSTEMS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix E Glossary. 410 0$aCompass series (Washington, D.C.) 606 $aFire extinction$xChemical systems$xEvaluation 606 $aBromotrifluoromethane$xEvaluation 606 $aFire extinguishing agents$xEvaluation 606 $aAirplanes$xFires and fire prevention 606 $aShips$xFires and fire prevention 615 0$aFire extinction$xChemical systems$xEvaluation. 615 0$aBromotrifluoromethane$xEvaluation. 615 0$aFire extinguishing agents$xEvaluation. 615 0$aAirplanes$xFires and fire prevention. 615 0$aShips$xFires and fire prevention. 676 $a628.9/254 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bNaval Studies Board.$bCommittee on Assessment of Fire Suppression Substitutes and Alternatives to Halon. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910812037703321 996 $aFire suppression substitutes and alternatives to halon for U.S. Navy applications$94028777 997 $aUNINA