LEADER 03907nam 2200553Ia 450 001 9910811862103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0292795165 035 $a(OCoLC)560652499 035 $a(CKB)2520000000006539 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3443440 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3443440 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10351553 035 $a(EXLCZ)992520000000006539 100 $a20090331d2009 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aImaginary lines $eborder enforcement and the origins of undocumented immigration, 1882-1930 /$fPatrick Ettinger 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aAustin $cUniversity of Texas Press$d2009 215 $a1 online resource (xi, 244 pages) $cillustrations 311 1 $a0292721188 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aThe menaces without : immigrant aliens and the origins of immigration restrictions -- Diverted streams : discovering a permeable border, 1882-1891 -- Drawing the lines : blueprints for immigration enforcement on the borders, 1891-1910 -- Erasing the lines : immigrant ingenuity on the U.S.-Mexico border, 1895-1910 -- Northward bound : Mexican immigrants, migrants, and refugees at the border, 1900-1921 -- The sisyphean task : origins of the modern border -- An imaginary line : change and continuity on the U.S.-Mexico border. 330 $a"Although popularly conceived as a relatively recent phenomenon, patterns of immigrant smuggling and undocumented entry across American land borders first emerged in the late nineteenth century. Ingenious smugglers and immigrants, long and remote boundary lines, and strong push-and-pull factors created porous borders then, much as they do now.Historian Patrick Ettinger offers the first comprehensive historical study of evolving border enforcement efforts on American land borders at the turn of the twentieth century. He traces the origins of widespread immigrant smuggling and illicit entry on the northern and southern United States borders at a time when English, Irish, Chinese, Italian, Russian, Lebanese, Japanese, Greek, and, later, Mexican migrants created various 'backdoors' into the United States. No other work looks so closely at the sweeping, if often ineffectual, innovations in federal border enforcement practices designed to stem these flows.From upstate Maine to Puget Sound, from San Diego to the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, federal officials struggled to adapt national immigration policies to challenging local conditions, all the while battling wits with resourceful smugglers and determined immigrants. In effect, the period saw the simultaneous 'drawing' and 'erasing' of the official border, and its gradual articulation and elaboration in the midst of consistently successful efforts to undermine it."- from Amazon.com 606 $aImmigration enforcement$zUnited States$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aNoncitizens$zUnited States$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aNoncitizens$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aIllegal immigration 607 $aUnited States$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory$y19th century 607 $aUnited States$xEmigration and immigration$xGovernment policy 607 $aMexico$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory$y19th century 607 $aMexican-American Border Region$xEmigration and immigration$xHistory$y19th century 615 0$aImmigration enforcement$xHistory 615 0$aNoncitizens$xHistory 615 0$aNoncitizens$xGovernment policy 615 0$aIllegal immigration. 676 $a325.7309/041 700 $aEttinger$b Patrick W$01698802 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910811862103321 996 $aImaginary lines$94080546 997 $aUNINA