LEADER 05269nam 2200721 a 450 001 9910811839503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-19396-1 010 $a9786612193965 010 $a3-11-019759-6 024 7 $a10.1515/9783110197594 035 $a(CKB)1000000000520863 035 $a(EBL)325597 035 $a(OCoLC)191926184 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000197960 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11179086 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000197960 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10160882 035 $a(PQKB)10555083 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC325597 035 $a(DE-B1597)32230 035 $a(OCoLC)853239652 035 $a(OCoLC)948655911 035 $a(DE-B1597)9783110197594 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL325597 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10197206 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL219396 035 $a(OCoLC)191818379 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000520863 100 $a20051214d2006 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurun#---|u||u 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aMarkedness and language change $ethe Romani sample /$fby Viktor Elsik, Yaron Matras 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aBerlin ;$aNew York $cMouton de Gruyter$dc2006 215 $a1 online resource (500 pages) $cillustrations, maps 225 1 $aEmpirical approaches to language typology ;$v32 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a3-11-018452-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [441]-454) and indexes. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tChapter 1 Introduction: Markedness and asymmetry in language --$tChapter 2 The Markedness Hypothesis --$tChapter 3 Toward a communication-based model of asymmetry in language --$tChapter 4 The sample: Methodological considerations --$tChapter 5 Early Romani --$tChapter 6 Number --$tChapter 7 Person --$tChapter 8 Gender --$tChapter 9 Degree --$tChapter 10 Negation --$tChapter 11 Cardinality --$tChapter 12 Discreteness --$tChapter 13 Tense, aspect, and mood --$tChapter 14 Modality --$tChapter 15 Transitivity --$tChapter 16 Case and case roles --$tChapter 17 Localisation --$tChapter 18 Orientation --$tChapter 19 Indefiniteness --$tChapter 20 Ontological category --$tChapter 21 Lexicality --$tChapter 22 Associativity --$tChapter 23 Chronological compartmentalisation --$tChapter 24 Criteria for asymmetry and their distribution across categories --$tChapter 25 Patterns of asymmetry --$tChapter 26 Conceptual motivations for asymmetry --$tChapter 27 Concluding remarks --$tBack matter 330 $a'Markedness' is a central notion in linguistic theory. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive survey of markedness relations across various grammatical categories, in a sample of closely-related speech varieties. It is based on a sample of over 100 dialects of Romani, collected and processed via the Romani Morpho-Syntax (RMS) Database - a comparative grammatical outline in electronic form, constructed by the authors between 2000-2004. Romani dialects provide an exciting sample of language change phenomena: they are oral languages, which have been separated and dispersed from some six centuries, and are strongly shaped by the influence of diverse contact languages. The book takes a typological approach to markedness, viewing it as a hierarchy among values that is conditioned by conceptual and cognitive universals. But it introduces a functional-pragmatic notion of markedness, as a grammaticalised strategy employed in order to priositise information. In what is referred to as 'dynamic', such prioritisation is influenced by an interplay of factors: the values within a category and the conceptual notions that they represent, the grammatical structure onto which the category values are mapped, and the kind of strategy that is applied in order to prioritise certain value. Consequently, the book contains a thorough survey of some 20 categories (e.g Person, Number, Gender, and so on) and their formal representation in various grammatical structures across the sample. The various accepted criteria for markedness (e.g. Complexity, Differentiation, Erosion, and so on) are examined systematically in relation to the values of each and every category, for each relevant structure. The outcome is a novel picture of how different markedness criteria may cluster for certain categories, giving a concrete reality to the hitherto rather vague notion of markedness. Borrowing and its relation to markedness is also examined, offering new insights into the motivations behind contact-induced change. 410 0$aEmpirical approaches to language typology ;$v32. 606 $aRomani language$xMarkedness 606 $aRomani language$xDialects 606 $aMarkedness (Linguistics) 615 0$aRomani language$xMarkedness. 615 0$aRomani language$xDialects. 615 0$aMarkedness (Linguistics) 676 $a491.4/97 686 $aEU 428$2rvk 700 $aElsik$b Viktor$00 701 $aMatras$b Yaron$f1963-$0183842 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910811839503321 996 $aMarkedness and language change$94026904 997 $aUNINA