LEADER 00888nam a2200265 i 4500 001 991000870519707536 005 20020507174910.0 008 950313s1971 it ||| | ita 035 $ab10768890-39ule_inst 035 $aLE01303594$9ExL 040 $aDip.to Matematica$beng 082 0 $a510 084 $aAMS 65-XX 100 1 $aSutti, Carla$0534689 245 10$aEsercitazioni di analisi numerica /$cCarla Sutti 250 $a2. ed 260 $aParma :$bEdizioni Tecnografica,$c1971 300 $a71 p. ;$c25 cm. 650 4$aNumerical analysis 907 $a.b10768890$b21-09-06$c28-06-02 912 $a991000870519707536 945 $aLE013 65-XX SUT11 (1971)$g1$i2013000024844$lle013$o-$pE0.00$q-$rl$s- $t0$u0$v0$w0$x0$y.i10865664$z28-06-02 996 $aEsercitazioni di analisi numerica$9922370 997 $aUNISALENTO 998 $ale013$b01-01-95$cm$da $e-$fita$git $h0$i1 LEADER 05458nam 2200685 450 001 9910811684503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-444-62712-X 035 $a(CKB)3710000000448791 035 $a(EBL)2095614 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001560553 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16193294 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001560553 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14825048 035 $a(PQKB)11156080 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL2095614 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11079050 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL104863 035 $a(OCoLC)914434570 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC2095614 035 $a(PPN)198673892 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000448791 100 $a20150728h20152015 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aInverse theory and applications in geophysics /$fMichael S. Zhdanov 205 $aSecond edition. 210 1$aAmsterdam, Netherlands :$cElsevier,$d2015. 210 4$dİ2015 215 $a1 online resource (731 p.) 225 1 $aMethods in Geochemistry and Geophysics ;$vv.36 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-444-62674-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; Inverse Theory and Applications in Geophysics; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Preface to the Second Edition; Preface; Part I: Introduction to Inversion Theory; Chapter 1: Forward and Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering; 1.1 Formulation of Forward and Inverse Problems for Different Physical Fields; 1.1.1 Gravity Field; 1.1.2 Magnetic Field; 1.1.3 Electromagnetic Field; 1.1.4 Seismic Wavefield; 1.2 Existence and Uniqueness of the Inverse Problem Solutions; 1.2.1 Existence of the Solution; 1.2.2 Uniqueness of the Solution; 1.2.3 Practical Uniqueness 327 $a1.3 Instability of the Inverse Problem Solution References; Chapter 2: Ill-Posed Problems and the Methods of Their Solution; 2.1 Sensitivity and Resolution of Geophysical Methods; 2.1.1 Formulation of the Inverse Problem in General Mathematical Spaces; 2.1.2 Sensitivity; 2.1.3 Resolution; 2.2 Formulation of Well-Posed and Ill-Posed Problems; 2.2.1 Well-Posed Problems; 2.2.2 Conditionally Well-Posed Problems; 2.2.3 Quasi-Solution of the Ill-Posed Problem; 2.3 Foundations of Regularization Methods of Inverse Problem Solution; 2.3.1 Regularizing Operators; 2.3.2 Stabilizing Functionals 327 $a2.3.3 Tikhonov Parametric Functional2.4 Family of Stabilizing Functionals; 2.4.1 Stabilizing Functionals Revisited; 2.4.2 Representation of a Stabilizing Functional in the Form of a Pseudo-Quadratic Functional; 2.5 Definition of the Regularization Parameter; 2.5.1 Optimal Regularization Parameter Selection; 2.5.2 L-Curve Method of Regularization Parameter Selection; References; Part II: Methods of the Solution of Inverse Problems; Chapter 3: Linear Discrete Inverse Problems; 3.1 Linear Least-Squares Inversion; 3.1.1 The Linear Discrete Inverse Problem 327 $a3.1.2 Systems of Linear Equations and Their General SolutionsMinimization of the misfit functional; 3.1.3 The Data Resolution Matrix; 3.2 Solution of the Purely Underdetermined Problem; 3.2.1 Underdetermined System of Linear Equations; 3.2.2 The Model Resolution Matrix; 3.3 Weighted Least-Squares Method; 3.4 Applying the Principles of Probability Theory to a Linear Inverse Problem; 3.4.1 Some Formulae and Notations from Probability Theory; 3.4.2 Maximum Likelihood Method; 3.4.3 Chi-Square Fitting; 3.5 Regularization Methods; 3.5.1 The Tikhonov Regularization Method 327 $a3.5.2 Application of SLDM Method in Regularized Linear Inverse Problem Solution3.5.3 Integrated Sensitivity; 3.5.4 Definition of the Weighting Matrices for the Model Parameters and Data; 3.5.5 Controlled Sensitivity; 3.5.6 Approximate Regularized Solution of the Linear Inverse Problem; 3.5.7 The Levenberg-Marquardt Method; 3.5.8 The Maximum a Posteriori Estimation Method (the Bayes Estimation); 3.6 The Backus-Gilbert Method; 3.6.1 The Data Resolution Function; 3.6.2 The Spread Function; 3.6.3 Regularized Solution in the Backus-Gilbert Method; References 327 $aChapter 4: Iterative Solutions of the Linear Inverse Problem 330 $a Geophysical Inverse Theory and Applications, Second Edition, brings together fundamental results developed by the Russian mathematical school in regularization theory and combines them with the related research in geophysical inversion carried out in the West. It presents a detailed exposition of the methods of regularized solution of inverse problems based on the ideas of Tikhonov regularization, and shows the different forms of their applications in both linear and nonlinear methods of geophysical inversion. It's the first book of its kind to treat many kinds of inversion and imaging techni 410 0$aMethods in Geochemistry and Geophysics 606 $aInversion (Geophysics) 606 $aGeophysics$xMeasurement 606 $aFunctional analysis 615 0$aInversion (Geophysics) 615 0$aGeophysics$xMeasurement. 615 0$aFunctional analysis. 676 $a550.1515 700 $aZhdanov$b Mikhail Semenovich$0771808 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910811684503321 996 $aInverse theory and applications in geophysics$94097709 997 $aUNINA LEADER 06547oam 22011894 450 001 9910956121403321 005 20251116183924.0 010 $a9786613830371 010 $a9781462393176 010 $a1462393179 010 $a9781452769301 010 $a1452769303 010 $a9781283517928 010 $a1283517922 010 $a9781451910216 010 $a1451910215 035 $a(CKB)3360000000443962 035 $a(EBL)1608455 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001474739 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11901034 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001474739 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11472494 035 $a(PQKB)11355853 035 $a(OCoLC)535146892 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608455 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2007004 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2007004 035 $aWPIEA2007004 035 $a(EXLCZ)993360000000443962 100 $a20020129d2007 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDebt Dynamics and Global Imbalances : $eSome Conventional Views Reconsidered /$fGuy Meredith 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2007. 215 $a1 online resource (56 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $a"January 2007." 311 08$a9781451865684 311 08$a1451865686 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 51-54). 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Stylized Facts; A. Evolution of Global Imbalances; Figures; 1. U.S. External Balances, 1979-2005; 2. Movements in Real U.S. Trade Balance: 1995-2005 Versus 1979-89; 3. U.S. Imports and Exports, 1980-2005; 4. U.S. Real Effective Exchange Rate: 1995-2005 Versus 1979-89; 5. U.S. Shares in World GDP, 1980-2005; 6. Ratio of Real Private Consumption to GDP, 1985-20005; 7. U.S. Net Foreign Assets, 1982-2005; 8. U.S. External Assets and Liabilities, 1982-2005; 9. ROW Holdings of Official Reserves, 1971-2005; B. Real Interest Rates; Tables 327 $a1. U.S. Real Interest Rates and Growth Rates, 1900-200510. Yield on Inflation-Indexed U.S. Treasuries, 1997-2006; 2. Real Returns on U.S. External Assets and Liabilities, 1953-2004; 11. Real Yields on U.S. External Assets and Liabilities, 1977-2005; 12. U.S. Net International Investment Income, 1977-2005; 13. Valuation Adjustments to U.S. NFA, Cumulative Average, 1983-2005; III. Debt Dynamics; 14. Yields on BAA Corporate Bonds Versus U.S. Treasuries, 1953-2006; IV. Simulation Model; A. Structure; B. Parameterization; V. Simulation Results; A. Initial Equilibrium; B. Calibration of Shocks 327 $aC. Baseline Simulation 15. Baseline Shocks to Model, 1995-2025; 16. Baseline Simulation Results, 1995-2025; 17. Baseline Simulation Results, 1995-2100; 18. U.S. Real Growth Rate and Marginal Product of Capital; 19. U.S. and ROW Consumption, 1995-2075; D. Alternative Paths for the Shocks; 20. Larger and More Drawn-Out Shocks, 1995-2100; 21. Phase-Out of International Reserve Accumulation, 1995-2025; 22. "Hard-Landing" Scenario, 1995-2025; E. Alternative Parameter Values; 23. Higher Initial Real Interest Rate, 1995-2100; 25. Alternative Trade Price Elasticities, 1995-2150 327 $a24. Increasing Asset Substitutability, 1995-2100 26. Ratio of U.S. to Row GDP, 1995-2010; 27. Higher Foreign Growth, 1995-2025; F. Fiscal Policy; 28. "Twin Deficits": Effect on Trade Balance of Change in Fiscal Balance; VI. Concluding Remarks; Appendix: Consumption, Wealth and Real Interest Rates; A. Infinite-Horizon Model; B. Finite-Horizon Model; References 330 3 $aWe use a general-equilibrium model to explain the rise in global trade and payments imbalances since the mid-1990s, and then to construct adjustment paths to a steady state. Assuming that the shocks giving rise to the imbalances do not suddenly reverse, simulated movements in the U.S. trade deficit and exchange rate are smaller and more gradual than suggested by partial-equilibrium analyses. An important factor reducing the size of the adjustments is a simulated real interest rate on U.S. external liabilities that is below both the interest rate on external assets and the U.S. real economic growth rate. In addition, the adjustment takes place over an extended period without significantly raising the share of U.S. assets in foreign portfolios, in part because depreciation of the dollar requires continued foreign accumulation of U.S. assets just to keep their portfolio share constant. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2007/004 606 $aBalance of trade$zUnited States 606 $aDebts, External$zUnited States 606 $aBalance of trade$2imf 606 $aBanks and Banking$2imf 606 $aCurrency$2imf 606 $aEmpirical Studies of Trade$2imf 606 $aExports and Imports$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aForeign assets$2imf 606 $aForeign Exchange$2imf 606 $aForeign exchange$2imf 606 $aInterest rates$2imf 606 $aInterest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects$2imf 606 $aInternational economics$2imf 606 $aInternational Investment$2imf 606 $aInvestments, Foreign$2imf 606 $aLong-term Capital Movements$2imf 606 $aReal exchange rates$2imf 606 $aReal interest rates$2imf 606 $aTrade balance$2imf 606 $aTrade deficits$2imf 607 $aUnited States$2imf 615 0$aBalance of trade 615 0$aDebts, External 615 7$aBalance of trade 615 7$aBanks and Banking 615 7$aCurrency 615 7$aEmpirical Studies of Trade 615 7$aExports and Imports 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aForeign assets 615 7$aForeign Exchange 615 7$aForeign exchange 615 7$aInterest rates 615 7$aInterest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects 615 7$aInternational economics 615 7$aInternational Investment 615 7$aInvestments, Foreign 615 7$aLong-term Capital Movements 615 7$aReal exchange rates 615 7$aReal interest rates 615 7$aTrade balance 615 7$aTrade deficits 676 $a335.4 676 $a335.4/12 700 $aMeredith$b Guy$01816398 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund.$bWestern Hemisphere Department. 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910956121403321 996 $aDebt Dynamics and Global Imbalances$94372451 997 $aUNINA