LEADER 03642oam 2200637 a 450 001 9910811054703321 005 20240410153915.0 010 $a0-8157-9159-3 010 $a0-585-03200-9 035 $a(CKB)111000211311198 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000189975 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12021150 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000189975 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10187507 035 $a(PQKB)11041799 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3004410 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3004410 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10063883 035 $a(OCoLC)923615745 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111000211311198 100 $a20001006d1999 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aLaws of the landscape $ehow policies shape cities in Europe and America /$fPietro S. Nivola 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cBrookings Institution,$d1999. 215 $a1 online resource (142 pages) 225 1 $aBrookings metro series 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a0-8157-6081-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a1. Introduction -- 2. Big and turbulent -- 3. The not-so-invisible hand -- 4. So what? -- 5. Shopworn solutions -- 6. Eight suggestions -- 7. Summing up. 330 $aFor decades, concerns have been raised about the consequences of relentless suburban expansion in the United States. But so far, government programs to control urban sprawl have had little effect in slowing it down, much less stopping it. In this book, Pietro S. Nivola raises important questions about the continued suburbanization of America: Is suburban growth just the result of market forces, or have government policies helped induce greater sprawl? How much of the government intervention has been undesirable, and what has been beneficial? And, if suburban growth is to be controlled, what changes in public policies would be not only effective, but practical? Nivola addresses these questions by comparing sprawling U.S. metropolitan areas to compact development patterns in Europe. He contrasts the effects of traditional urban programs, as well as "accidental urban policies" that have a profound if commonly unrecognized impact on cities, including national tax systems, energy conservation efforts, agricultural supports, and protection from international commerce. Nivola also takes a hard look at the traditional solutions of U.S. urban policy agenda involving core-area reconstruction projects, mass transit investments, "smart" growth controls, and metropolitan organizational rearrangements, and details the reasons why they often don't work. He concludes by recommending reforms for key U.S. policies--from taxes to transportation to federal regulations--based on the successes and failures of the European experience. Brookings Metropolitan Series. 410 0$aBrookings metro series. 606 $aCities and towns$zUnited States$xGrowth 606 $aUrbanization$zUnited States 606 $aSuburbs$zUnited States 606 $aCities and towns$zEurope$xGrowth 606 $aUrbanization$zEurope 615 0$aCities and towns$xGrowth. 615 0$aUrbanization 615 0$aSuburbs 615 0$aCities and towns$xGrowth. 615 0$aUrbanization 676 $a307.76/0973 700 $aNivola$b Pietro S$01656732 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910811054703321 996 $aLaws of the landscape$94087255 997 $aUNINA