LEADER 05384nam 2200709Ia 450 001 9910811034503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-309-59374-3 035 $a(CKB)2550000000032680 035 $a(EBL)3377975 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000305514 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11228710 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000305514 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10286748 035 $a(PQKB)10112223 035 $a(OCoLC)726823386 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3377975 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000032680 100 $a19910227d1985 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aPapers commissioned for a workshop on the federal role in research and development 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1985 215 $a1 online resource (386 p.) 300 $aWorkshop was held on November 21-25, 1985 and was sponsored by the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy and the Academy Industry Program, activities of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine. 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $a""PAPERS COMMISSIONED FOR A WORKSHOP ON THE FEDERAL ROLE IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT""; ""CONTENTS""; ""INTRODUCTION""; ""THE FEDERAL ROLE IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT""; ""THE FEDERAL ROLE IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT""; ""GENERAL""; ""A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE EVOLUTION OF FEDERAL INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SINCE WORLD WAR II""; ""PRE-WORLD WAR II""; ""WORLD WAR II AND ITS AFTERMATH""; ""THE POSTWAR PERIOD""; ""THE DOMINANCE OF THE MILITARY COMPONENT""; ""FEDERAL SUPPORT OF SCIENCE""; ""CONCLUDING COMMENTS""; ""NOTES AND REFERENCES""; ""APPENDIX"" 327 $a""FEDERAL SUPPORT OF APPLIED RESEARCH: A REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES EXPERIENCE""""PRESIDENTIAL EFFORTS TO STIMULATE INDUSTRIAL INNOVATION""; ""CIVILIAN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM""; ""NEW TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES PROGRAM""; ""INDUSTRIAL INNOVATION INITIATIVES""; ""AGENCY AND SECTORAL INITIATIVES""; ""THE NSF EXPERIENCE WITH IRRPOS AND RANN""; ""FEDERAL FUNDING OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY R&D AND DEMONSTRATION""; ""THE COOPERATIVE AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM""; ""SOME LONG-TERM SUCCESSES""; ""AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH""; ""AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH""; ""APPLIED RESEARCH IN THE BIOMEDICAL FIELD"" 327 $a""GENERIC RESEARCH IN THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS""""SOME COMMENTS ON THE ROLE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE""; ""LESSONS FROM THE U.S. EXPERIENCE""; ""NOTES AND REFERENCES""; ""ECONOMICS, POLITICS, AND GOVERNMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT""; ""POLITICAL INCENTIVES AND R&D POLICIES""; ""IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SELECTION OF R&D PROGRAMS""; ""IMPLICATIONS FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT""; ""ILLUSTRATIONS FROM RECENT PROGRAMS""; ""THE CLINCH RIVER BREEDER REACTOR AND THE SPACE SHUTTLE""; ""COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES""; ""SYNTHETIC FUELS""; ""SEMICONDUCTORS AND COMPUTERS""; ""CONCLUSIONS"" 327 $a""NOTES AND REFERENCES""""THE GOVERNMENT ROLE IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY""; ""THE PRIMARY ROLE OF GOVERNMENTS IN SPONSORING HIGHER EDUCATION""; ""MILITARY RESEARCH AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CIVILIAN SECTOR""; ""PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR FUNDING THE COOPERATIVE SPIRIT""; ""DISPARITIES WITHIN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY COUNTRIES ON THE IMPORTANCE OF R&D IN PUBLIC POLICY THE EUROPEAN DIMENSION""; ""NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS: A U.S. SUCCESS STORY""; ""SOME NATIONAL AND MULTINATIONAL INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE HIGH-TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES"" 327 $a""RECENT INITIATIVES OF THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES""""FUTURE ACTIVITIES""; ""CONCLUSIONS""; ""NOTES AND REFERENCES""; ""ECONOMIC ANALYSIS""; ""ECONOMIC MEASURES OF THE RETURNS TO FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT""; ""ECONOMIC ISSUES AND MODELS""; ""METHODS AND RATIONALES FOR RATE OF RETURN CALCULATIONS""; ""PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSES""; ""FEDERAL R&D AS A COMPLEMENT OR A SUBSTITUTE""; ""DISCOUNTED COST-BENEFIT METHODS""; ""SURVEY METHODS""; ""MEASUREMENT AND DATA ISSUES""; ""FEDERAL R&D INPUTS""; ""Temporal Aggregation""; ""Source Versus Use Definitions of Inputs"" 327 $a""Other Definitional Problems"" 517 3 $aFederal role in research and development 606 $aFederal aid to research$zUnited States$xEvaluation 606 $aResearch$zUnited States$xFinance 615 0$aFederal aid to research$xEvaluation. 615 0$aResearch$xFinance. 701 $aRosenberg$b Nathan$f1927-$010455 701 $aTeich$b Albert H$01675801 701 $aNoll$b Roger G$0142853 701 $aCohen$b Linda R.$f1952-$0321419 701 $aReiss$b Peter C$01675802 701 $aLichtenberg$b Frank R$0124559 701 $aTerleckyj$b Nestor E$0229408 701 $aBrooks$b Harvey$01675803 701 $aHarris$b Jeffrey E$01675804 701 $aAhearne$b John F$01675805 701 $aGamota$b George$01675806 701 $aHertzfeld$b Henry$01172581 701 $aMowery$b David C$089083 701 $aWeaver$b Robert D$0115058 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910811034503321 996 $aPapers commissioned for a workshop on the federal role in research and development$94041543 997 $aUNINA