LEADER 05416nam 2200637Ia 450 001 9910810841603321 005 20240416234637.0 010 $a1-280-21422-8 010 $a9786610214228 010 $a0-309-59590-8 010 $a0-585-14342-0 035 $a(CKB)110986584753356 035 $a(OCoLC)70772906 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056860 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000214824 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11166430 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000214824 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10168535 035 $a(PQKB)10942910 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376585 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376585 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10056860 035 $a(OCoLC)923264901 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584753356 100 $a20040923d1990 my 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aOn time to the doctorate $ea study of the increased time to complete doctorates in science and engineering /$fHoward Tuckman, Susan Coyle, Yupin Bae 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1990 215 $a1 online resource (187 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-309-04085-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aOn Time to the Doctorate -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- FINDINGS -- Trends in TTD -- Trends in Components of TTD -- Modeling TTD -- CONCLUSIONS -- 1 What has been Happening to Time to the Doctorate? -- COMPONENTS OF TIME TO THE DOCTORATE AND HOW THEY HAVE CHANGED THROUGH TIME -- The Several Kinds of Time -- Mean Total Time to the Doctorate -- Mean Time Spent Prior to Graduate Entrance -- Mean Registered Time to the Doctorate -- Mean Time Spent Away from the University -- Summary -- THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TIME TREND -- The Two Models -- Patterns of Change -- The Shape of Change -- MANPOWER LOSS FROM LENGTHENING TOTAL TIME TO THE DOCTORATE -- 2 Models of the Factors that Affect Student Choice and Time to the Doctorate: A Literature Survey -- LITERATURE ON PERSISTENCE AND ATTRITION -- LITERATURE ON EDUCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS -- LITERATURE ON ENROLLMENTS -- LITERATURE ON EXPECTED RETURNS -- LITERATURE ON TTD -- SUMMARY -- 3 A Model of the Determinants of TTD -- THE MODEL -- THE CRITICAL ROLE OF OPPORTUNITY COSTS -- FINANCIAL AID AND ITS IMPACT ON COMPLETION TIMES -- The Impact of Type of Aid -- Effects on the Components of TTD -- MARKET FORCES AND COMPLETION TIMES -- Effects of Changes in Relative Salaries -- Effects of Employment Opportunities -- Effects on the Components of TTD -- THE VARIABLES USED TO DEVELOP THE MODEL -- 4 The Relationship Between the Five Vectors of Variables and TTD and its Components: A Comparison of Zero-Order Correlations -- THE IMPORTANCE OF DISAGGREGATION BY FIELD -- CHANGES IN FAMILY BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS -- CHANGES IN STUDENT ATTRIBUTES -- CHANGES IN TUITION AND FINANCIAL AID -- CHANGES IN INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT -- CHANGES IN MARKET FORCES -- Salary Variables -- Employment Indicator Variables -- THE STOCK VARIABLE -- THE ZERO-ORDER CORRELATION OF THE VECTORS -- SUMMARY. 327 $a5 Changes in TTD -- COMMON VARIABLES MODEL -- Log Linear Equations -- Weaknesses of the Common Variables Model -- UNIQUE VARIABLES MODEL -- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS -- Limitations of the Analysis -- What Can Be Learned from the Findings? -- 6 Changes in Registered Time to the Doctorate, Time Prior to Graduate Entrance, and Time Enrolled in the University -- REGISTERED TIME TO THE DOCTORATE -- RTD in the Common Variables Model Using Linear and Log Linear Equations -- RTD in the Unique Variables Model -- Evaluation of the Results -- TIME SPENT PRIOR TO GRADUATE SCHOOL ENTRANCE (TPGE) -- TIME NOT ENROLLED IN THE UNIVERSITY (TNEU) -- SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS -- 7 Past as Prologue -- WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO TIME TO THE DOCTORATE? -- Total Time to the Doctorate -- Registered Time to the Doctorate -- Variation Around the Mean -- COULD CHANGES IN TPGE AND TNEU HAVE BEEN LARGE ENOUGH TO EXPLAIN THE CHANGE IN TTD? -- POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS -- Epistemic Explanations -- Institutional Explanations -- Student Preference-Based Explanations -- Financial Need-Based Explanations -- Demographic and Ability-Based Explanations -- Market-Based Explanations -- Is There A Single Explanation for Increase in TTD? -- IMPLICATIONS OF A CONTINUING RISE IN TTD -- A More Resource-Intensive Doctoral Program -- A Longer Gestation Period -- Increased Attrition -- Lower Returns for Graduate Study -- Changes in the Attractiveness of Alternative Doctorate Careers -- TTD AS A POLICY INSTRUMENT -- Selected Bibliography -- Appendixes -- Appendix B List of Acronyms. 606 $aScience$xStudy and teaching (Higher)$zUnited States 606 $aEngineering$xStudy and teaching (Higher)$zUnited States 606 $aDoctor of philosophy degree 615 0$aScience$xStudy and teaching (Higher) 615 0$aEngineering$xStudy and teaching (Higher) 615 0$aDoctor of philosophy degree. 676 $a507.1/173 700 $aTuckman$b Howard P$01669929 701 $aCoyle$b Susan$01669930 701 $aBae$b Yupin$01669931 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910810841603321 996 $aOn time to the doctorate$94031425 997 $aUNINA