LEADER 04598nam 2200673Ia 450 001 9910810591303321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-08503-7 010 $a9786610085033 010 $a1-4175-0599-0 024 7 $a10.1596/0-8213-5678-X 035 $a(CKB)111090529169028 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000090052 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11124030 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000090052 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10098718 035 $a(PQKB)10480223 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3050669 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3050669 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10053616 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL8503 035 $a(OCoLC)55517101 035 $a(The World Bank)2004040700 035 $a(US-djbf)13451267 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111090529169028 100 $a20040107d2004 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aUnlocking the employment potential in the Middle East and North Africa $etoward a new social contract 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, DC $cWorld Bank$d2004 215 $axxi, 262 pages $cillustrations ;$d26 cm 225 1 $aOrientations in development series 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-8213-5678-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aIntro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- OVERVIEW Creating 100 Million Jobs for a Fast- Growing Work Force -- Evolution of MENA's Social Contract -- Emergence of Poor Labor Market Outcomes -- Unlocking the Potential for Job Creation -- MENÀs Need for a New Social Contract -- 1 Introduction -- Labor Market Outcomes in the Post-World War II Period -- Scope and Methodology of the Report -- Structure and Organization of the Report -- Findings in Comparative Perspective -- 2 Evolution of State-Labor Relations in the Middle East and North Africa -- Legacy of the Social Contract -- Definition of the Social Contract -- The Social Contract and Labor Markets -- 3 Demography, Labor Growth, and Employment Outcomes -- MENA's Demographic Transition -- Effect of Delayed Transition on Labor Force Growth -- Labor Market Outcomes in the 1990s -- Toward a Fuller Understanding of Labor Market Outcomes -- 4 Structure of Employment and Earnings in the 1990s -- Structure of Unemployment -- Public Sector Employment in the 1990s -- Structure of Labor Markets -- Informalization of Work in the 1990s -- Gender Equity in Access to Labor Markets -- Real Wages and Wage Formation -- Income Inequality That Remains Moderate -- What We Have Learned -- 5 Labor Market Reforms: Opportunities and Constraints -- Reforming the Labor Market in a Dynamic Setting -- Rationalizing the Role of the Public Sector -- Looking at Labor Market Institutions in the Private Sector -- Quantifying the Effects of Labor Reforms -- Using Active Labor Market Policies in MENA -- Considering the Special Case of Labor-Importing Countries -- Taking Stock of What Has Been Learned -- Appendix -- 6 Foundations of Future Growth and Job Creation -- Traditional Engines of Employment Growth -- MENA's Need for New Engines of Job Creation -- Road to Completing the Transitions. 327 $aRole of Human Capital in the Transition -- Facing the Challenges Ahead -- 7 Toward a New Social Contract -- MENA Needs a Vision of the Future of Its Labor Markets -- Successful Reform Requires a New Social Contract -- What Needs to Be Done Is Widely Acknowledged -- Reforms Have Been Too Limited and Too Slow -- Overcoming the Obstacles to Reform Is Critical -- Soft Budget Constraints and Political Challengers Have Impeded Reform -- Governments Have Decoupled Economic and Political Reform -- Today, Economic and Political Reforms Must Be Linked -- Support from External Partners Is Critical -- Main Responsibility Rests with MENA -- Statistical Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index. 410 0$aOrientations in development. 606 $aLabor market$zMiddle East 606 $aLabor market$zAfrica, North 606 $aLabor supply$zMiddle East 606 $aLabor supply$zAfrica, North 615 0$aLabor market 615 0$aLabor market 615 0$aLabor supply 615 0$aLabor supply 676 $a331.12/042/0956 712 02$aWorld Bank. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910810591303321 996 $aUnlocking the employment potential in the Middle East and North Africa$93980369 997 $aUNINA