LEADER 05126nam 2200625 a 450 001 9910810414603321 005 20240516075555.0 010 $a1-283-15838-8 010 $a9786613158383 010 $a90-272-8407-5 035 $a(CKB)2670000000099466 035 $a(EBL)726030 035 $a(OCoLC)735598892 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000993880 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11628073 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000993880 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10957260 035 $a(PQKB)10209421 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC726030 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL726030 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10589156 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000099466 100 $a19960912d1996 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aFrom grammar to science $enew foundations for general linguistics /$fVictor H. Yngve 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aPhiladelphia $cJ. Benjamins$dc1996 215 $a1 online resource (362 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-55619-515-X 311 $a90-272-2161-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFROM GRAMMAR TO SCIENCE; Title page; Copyright page; Table of contents; PREFACE; 1. PEOPLE, SOUND WAVES, AND ILLUSIONS; 1.1 A word of caution; 1.2 On interpreting noises; 1.3 Insulting and being insulted; 1.4 OK, George Washington; 1.5 Jack and Jill; 1.6 Bloomfield's man' and Sapir's candle; 1.7 Utterances reflect an illusion; 1.8 How about language?; 1.9 Others also have doubts; 2. TRADITIONS OFGRAMMAR AND SCIENCE; 2.1 The physical and the logical domains; 2.2 Stoic foundations of linguistics; 2.3 Stoic criteria of truth; 2.4 The rise and spread of grammar 327 $a2.5 Doubt and the rise of modern science3. SHOULD WE STUDYLANGUAGE OR PEOPLE?; 3.1 The scientific aspirations of linguistics; 3.2 Where does language belong?; 3.3 Language as an organism of nature; 3.4 Efforts to take people into account; 3.5 The rise of structuralism; 3.6 Bloomfield's assumption; 4. THE PROBLEM WITH THEORIES OF LANGUAGE; 4.1 Post-Bloomfieldian structuralism; 4.2 Constructions and constituents; 4.3 Enter the computer; 4.4 The introduction of transformations; 4.5 Programming for machine translation; 4.6 There is no elephant!; 5. THE DEPTH HYPOTHESIS 327 $a5.1 A simple scheme for producing sentences to order5.2 Some surprising results; 5.3 An hypothesis; 5.4 Tests of predictions against observations; 5.5 Search for the predicted processing failure; 5.6 Tests against observed historical changes; 5.7 Are transformations necessary?; 6. HOW CAN WE KNOW WHAT TO BELIEVE?; 6.1 Differences of opinion; 6.2 Problems with explication; 6.3 A turn to science; 6.4 Lessons from the depth hypothesis; 6.5 Problems in defining the discipline; 6.6 Problems with grammar; 6.7 Problems with semantics and pragmatics 327 $a7. OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PHYSICAL DOMAIN7.1 A preview; 7.2 Handling context with properties; 7.3 How about discourse?; 7.4 Interactions in groups; 7.5 Ceremonies and rituals; 7.6 Variation in individuals and in the community; 7.7 Developmental linguistics; 7.8 Historical change; 7.9 Prospectus; 8. STANDARD SCIENCE; 8.1 What do we mean by science?; 8.2 Science studies the real world; 8.3 How do we decide what to believe about the world?; 8.4 Doubt and the assumptions of science; 9. PLANS FOR EMIGRATING TO THE NEW WORLD; 9.1 The problem of terminology 327 $a9.2 The question of an appropriate notation9.3 What needs to be done; 9.4 Our initial observational scope of interest; 9.5 Can we really have a science of people?; 9.6 Some baggage to leave behind; 9.7 Freedom and opportunity in the new world; 10. LINGUISTIC THEORIES OF PEOPLE; 10.1 The real world and our theories of it; 10.2 Properties as constructs of theory; 10.3 The communicating individual; 10.4 The participant; 10.5 The linkage; 10.6 Linkage constituents; 10.7 Systems and boundaries in human linguistics; 11. PROPERTIES INTHEORIES OF PEOPLE 327 $a11.1 Interpreting similarities and differences of people 330 $aAlthough efforts have been under way for the past two centuries to treat language scientifically, linguists and others who work with language, speech, or communication have not found an adequate scientific foundation in current linguistic theory. Many of the difficulties are caused by longstanding confusions between the logical domain of science and grammar and the physical domain of sound waves and the people who speak and understand.In this book, therefore, the last impediments of tradition, the ancient semiotic-grammatical foundations of linguistics, are set aside. We move into the ph 517 3 $aNew foundations for general linguistic 606 $aLinguistics 615 0$aLinguistics. 676 $a410 700 $aYngve$b Victor H.$f1920-2012$01139450 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910810414603321 996 $aFrom grammar to science$94002734 997 $aUNINA